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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 27; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2020;27(3):147-155
Otizm Spektrum Bozuklukları için Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Risk Faktörleri Nelerdir?
M Beşenek
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Rize
Amaç: Yapılan çalışmalar; otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) gelişimindeki temel etmenin, çevresel risk faktörleri (RF) ve aday genler arasındaki etkileşim olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmada OSB tanılı ve sağlıklı çocukların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve doğum-öncesi, doğum-sırası ve doğum-sonrası RF durumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yaşları 0-18 arasında değişen, daha önce OSB tanısı almış 100 ve sağlıklı 100 çocuk çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. OSB ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen ve sık gözlenen sosyo-demografik, doğum-öncesi, doğum-sırası ve doğum-sonrası çevresel RF’ler her iki grup için araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Olgu ve kontrol grupları arasında cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik durum, stresli gebelik, ebeveynlerde fiziksel/psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü, doğumda geç ağlama, mor renk doğum, fiziksel travma öyküsü ve fiziksel hastalık birlikteliği açısından anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda saptanan çoğu RF literatürle uyumlu olmakla birlikte, geçmişte OSB gelişiminde etkili olduğu gözlenen çoğu RF’nin gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur. Bu durum geçmiş yıllarda tıp alanındaki ilerlemeler doğrultusunda, doğumsal sorunlar gibi önlenebilir RF’lerin OSB gelişimi üzerinde etkilerinin azaldığını göstermektedir.
What are the Sociodemographic and Clinical Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Objectives: Studies propose that interaction between environmental factors and candidate genes is the primary mechanism in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to compare the socio-demographic features, pre- and perinatal risk factors (RF), and postnatal features of autistic and healthy children. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 children who were previously diagnosed with ASD and 100 healthy children aged between 0 and 18 years were included in the study. The most relevant and frequently seen socio-demographic, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental RFs regarding ASD in the literature were evaluated for each group. Results: We found statistically significant differences in terms of gender, socio-economical state, stressful pregnancy, physical/psychiatric illness among parents, delayed crying and purple skin color during birth, physical trauma, and comorbid physical illnesses between the groups. Conclusion: Most of the results we found in our study are in line with previous literature; however, preventable environmental RFs, such as perinatal complications, seem to be losing their impact on autism development, and it may be due to the advancements in the medical field over recent past years.

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