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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2018;8(2):137-144
Kardiyovasküler, hematolojik ve kolinerjik bulgular ile giden farmakodinamik etkileşimler ve klinik sonuçlar
MC Saka
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
İlaç yan etkileri büyük mortalite ve morbiditeye sebep olmakta ve ciddi bir kısmi da ilaç etkileşimlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Klinik uygulamada en sık karşılaşılan etkileşimler farmakodinamik etkileşimlerdir ve ilaç etkilerinin veya yan etkilerin artması yönünde, klinik açıdan büyük önem taşıyabilirler. Psikofarmakolojik ajanların kullanımında polifarmasi zaten çok yaygınken, sık görülen tıbbi rahatsızlıklar nedeniyle kullanılan diğer tedaviler de etkileşim ihtimalini ve önemini artırmaktadır. Bu yazıda klinik açıdan önemli olan kardiyovasküler, hematolojik ve kolinerjik bulgular ile giden farmakodinamik etkileşimler ele alınmıştır. Antikolinerjik entoksikasyon başta yaşlı hastalarımız için risk oluşturmaktadır. Antikolinerjik etkisi olan birden fazla ilaç bir arada kullanıldığında antikolinerjik entoksikasyon riski artmaktadır. Kardiyak sonucu olan etkileşimlerden hipertansif kriz ile QTc uzaması ve torsades de pointes ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Hipertansif kriz MAO inhibitörü antidepresanların kullanımı sırasında tiramin içeren yiyeceklerin tüketilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkabilir. Diğer bazı ilaçların MAO inhibitörleri ile beraber kullanımı da serotonerjik sendrom ya da hipertansif kriz açısından kontrendikedir. QTc uzaması ve torsades de pointes en ölümcül ilaç yan etkilerindendir. Antipsikotiklerden klorpromazin, pimozid ve sertindol, antidepresanlardan trisiklikler ve sitalopram, essitalopram QTc uzaması açısından öne çıkan ilaçlardır. Klinik uygulamada aynı anda kullanılan farklı ilaçların QTc üzerine etkilerinin toplanarak büyüdüğü ve önerilen dozların üzerinde kullanılan tek veya kombinasyon tedavilerinin yüksek risk taşıdığını hatırlamak önemlidir. Kemik iliği baskılanması ve kanamaya eğilim de psikotropların farmakodinamik etkileşimleri açısından adı geçen başlıklardandır.
Pharmacodynamic interactions with cardiovascular, hematologic and cholinergic effects and clinical results
There is a high cost associated with morbidity and mortality due to drug side effects and drug interactions are responsible for a substantial part of it. Pharmacodynamic interactions are the most common type of clinically meaningful drug interactions and they can determine outcomes by increasing drug effects or side effects. Polypharmacy rates are very high with psychotrophics and additional treatments for high rates of medical comorbidity makes interactions more prevalent and important for psychiatric patients. Clinically relevant pharmacodynamic interactions with cardiovascular, hematologic and cholinergic effects will be discussed in this article. Anticholinergic intoxication is a risk for our patients especially older ones. The risk of anticholinergic intoxication rises when multiple drugs with anticholinergic effects are used. Among interactions with cardiac results hypertensive crisis and QTc interval prolongation, torsades de pointes are the ones to be discussed in detail. Hypertensive crisis can occur due to consumption of tyramine rich foods while using MAO inhibitors. Some other drugs are contraindicated while using MAO inhibitors because of the risk of serotonergic syndrome or hipertensive crisis. QTc interval prolongation and torsades de pointes are most lethal drug interactions. Chlorpromazine, pimozide and sertindol are the antipsychotics, and tricyclic antidepressants and citalopram, escitalopram are the antidepressants with the most prominent QTc prolonging effects. It is important to remember that QTc prolonging effects are additive when using drug combinations and using any drug or combination above the highest recommended dose results in high risk for QTc prolongation. Bone marrow suppression and tendency to bleedare the other titles to be alluded to.

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