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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020;7(1):20-40
Lacanyen Yaklaşımda Cinsiyetlenme ve Histeri Nevrozu
S Aydoğ
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Psikanalitik yaklaşımda cinsiyet ayrımı, kişinin anatomisinden öte bir noktada değerlendirilmektedir. Lacan, cinsiyet ayrımının simgeselde gösterilmesinin imkansız olduğunu öne sürmüş ve cinsiyetlenmeyi mantıktan aldığı formüllerle açıklama yoluna gitmiştir. Bu formüllere göre erkeksi konum tamamen kastrasyona dahilken; kadınsı konum, özne olmasının gerekliliği olarak kastrasyona dahil olsa da tam olarak dahil değildir. Öznenin cinsiyetlenme konumunu, Başka’nın arzusunun göstereni olan fallusa göre aldığı konum belirlemekte ve üstlendiği konuma göre deneyimlediği jouissance türü farklılaşmaktadır. Öznenin Başka’nın eksiğine göre aldığı konum hangi klinik yapı içerisinde değerlendirileceğiyle ilgili de belirleyici bir niteliğe sahiptir. Lacan’a göre üç temel yapı olan psikotik, pervert ve nevrotik, bireyin yabancılaşma ve ayrışma evrelerinde Başka’nın eksiği karşısında benimsedikleri farklı savunma mekanizmaları sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hem yabancılaşma hem de ayrışma evrelerinden geçen tek yapı olan nevrotik yapının bir alt kategorisi olan obsesyonda, özne ilk büyük Başka’dan ayrışmanın yarattığı kaygı ile Başka’nın eksik olduğunu reddederek; histeride ise Başka’yı tamamlayacak olan nesneye dönüşmeyi arzulayarak baş etmektedir. Histerik yapının genellikle kadınlarda ortaya çıkması nedeniyle, Lacan kadınsı konum ile histerik konumu karşılaştırma gereksinimi duymuştur. Histerik, kadınlığın kendisinde yaratacağı karmaşadan kaçınmak üzere ilişkilerinde erkeksi konumla özdeşleşerek kadınlıkla ilgili bilgiye ulaşmaya ya da başka kadınlarla imgesel özdeşleşme kurarak kadın olmaya çalışmaktadır. Ancak iki yol da başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmakta ve histerik sürekli “Kadın mıyım, erkek miyim?” sorusuyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Güncel çalışmada, Lacan’ın cinsiyetlenme kuramı ve histeri nevrozu ele alınmış; histerik yapı özellikleri gösterdiği düşünülen C. Bey vakası yapısal özellikler ve cinsiyetlenme konumu çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Sexuation and Hysteria in Lacanian Approach
From a psychoanalytic perspective, sexual difference is considered beyond anatomy. Lacan explained sexuation with formulas he derived from logic. The position of the subject in sexuation is determined by his/her position in relation to phallus; and the type of jouissance that he/she experiences varies according to the position he/she assumes. The position of the subject in relation to the lack in the Other is also decisive in which clinical structure he/she will be evaluated. According to Lacan, three basic structures are psychosis, perversion and neurosis. The neurotic structure, which is the only structure that passes through both the stages of alienation and separation, is divided into two subcategories: The obsessive deals with the anxiety caused by separation via rejecting that the Other is missing; whereas the hysteric deals with the anxiety viadesiring to transform into the object that will complete the Other’s lack. Since the hysteric structure is usually seen in women, Lacan compared the feminine and the hysteric positions. In order to avoid the confusion that femininity would create, the hysteric tries to reach information about femininity by identifying with the masculine position in her relationships or tries to become a woman through imaginary identification. However, both ways result in failure and the hysteric is always provoked by the question “Am I a woman or a man?” In the current study, Lacan's sexuation theory and hysteria neurosis were discussed. The case of Mr.C., who is thought to exhibit hysteric structure traits, is discussed in terms of both his structural traits and sexuation.

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