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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 13>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2018;6(13):309-316
Kadınlar ve Erkekler Nasıl Algılanır? Günümüz Türkiye’sinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kalıpyargılarının Yapısı
NS Uğurlu, B Türkoğlu, A Kuzlak
ODTÜ, Ankara
rağmen, Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılmış araştırma sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma Türkiye kültüründe (1) kadın ve erkeklerin nasıl tanımlandığını ve (2) bu tanımlamalardan üretilen temalarla cinsiyet kalıpyargılarının yapısının gözler önüne serilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Serbest cevap yöntemi kullanılarak, 491 üniversite öğrencisinden Türkiye’de kadınları ve erkekleri tanımlayan 10 sıfat yazmaları istenmiştir. Frekans analizine göre, kadınlar en çok duygusal, kıskanç, alıngan, sadık, hassas, fedakar, sevecen, akıllı, duyarlı, dedikoducu, hırslı, şefkatli, güzel, düşünceli, çalışkan, çekici ve kırılgan sıfatları ile tanımlanırken; erkekler en çok kıskanç, güçlü, bencil, duygusal, hırslı, sinirli, kaba, çocuksu, mantıklı, çalışkan, zeki, dürüst, cesur ve koruyucu sıfatları ile tanımlanmıştır. İlaveten, elde edilen kalıpyargılar, dış görünüş, kişilik, cinsiyet rolleri ve güç olmak üzere dört temel tema ve onların alt temalarına göre sınıflandırılarak toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpyargılarının yapısı gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna göre, kadınlarla ilgili kalıpyargılar sırasıyla kişilik özellikleri (sevecenlik, bencillik, kırılganlık, amil, sosyallik), cinsiyet rolleri (annelik ve sadakat), görünüm ve güç (güçlülük ve zayıflık) ile ilgili temalarla yapılandırılmıştır. Erkeklerle ilgili kalıpyargılar ise, sırasıyla, kişilik özellikleri (bencillik, amil, duygusallık, sorumsuzluk, sosyallik, duygusuzluk, çapkınlık), güç (erkeklik ve baskınlık), cinsiyet rolleri (babalık/ev reisliği ve sadakat) ve görünüm ile ilgili temalarla yapılandırılmıştır. Bulgular kalıpyargılar, toplumsal cinsiyetçilik ve erkeklik yazınının ışığı altında tartışılmıştır.
How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey
Although gender stereotypes is a popular topic in social psychology, research on gender stereotypes in Turkish culture is limited. Therefore the purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to present how people describe women and men, and (2) to generate the underlying themes of the descriptions for each gender in order to present the structure of gender stereotypes in Turkish culture. By using free response method, undergraduates (N = 491) were asked to write down 10 adjectives to describe women and men. Frequencies showed that women were mostly described as emotional, jealous, easily-offended, faithful, delicate, self-sacrificing, warm, intelligent, sensitive, gossipy, ambitious, compassionate, beautiful, considerate, hardworking, attractive, and fragile; whereas men were mostly described as jealous, strong, selfish, emotional, ambitious, angry, rude, childish, rational, hardworking, intelligent, honest, brave, and protective. Further, these stereotypes were combined under four basic themes (appearance, personality, gender roles and power) and their subthemes to present the structure of gender stereotypes. Women’s stereotypes were structured mostly under their personality traits (warmth, selfishness, fragility, agency, and sociability) followed by gender roles (motherhood, and faithfulness), appearance, and power (strength, and weakness) themes, respectively. Men’s stereotypes were structured mostly under their personality traits (selfishness, agency, emotionality, irresponsibility, sociability, emotionlessness, and womanizer), but differently followed by power (manhood, and dominance), gender roles (fatherhood/breadwinner, and faithfulness), and appearance. Findings were discussed in the light of the existing literature on gender stereotypes, sexism, and manhood.

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