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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 12>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2018;6(12):51-67
Küçük Çocuklar Başkalarının İhtiyacını Gözeterek Yardım Ederler
MŞ Aydın, E Acun
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Araştırmalar, yardım davranışının çocuklarda 12 ay gibi erken bir dönemden itibaren görülmeye başlandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak küçük yaşlardaki çocukların yardım davranışlarının başkalarına fayda sağlamak için mi, yoksa başka nedenlerden dolayı mı yapıldığı açık değildir. Bu problemi test etmek için araçsal yardım etme görevi kullanılarak yetişkinin yere düşen nesneye ihtiyacı olup olmadığı ile nesnenin kendiliğinden yere düştüğü ve yetişkin tarafından düşürüldüğü dört farklı koşul oluşturulmuştur. Denek içi desene sahip çalışmada farklı koşullar tek bir senaryoda birleştirilmiş ve karşıt dengeleme yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya yaşları 18-38 ay arasında değişen 43 çocuk (22 kız, 21 erkek) katılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, çocukların nesneye ihtiyaç olan durumlarda olmayan durumlara göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla yardım ettiklerini göstermiştir. Ancak, yetişkinin nesneyi düşürme işinin faili olup olmamasının yardım etme davranışında anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmadığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, erkek çocuklarının nesneyi yetişkinin düşürmüş olduğu koşullarda ihtiyaç olup olmadığı fark etmeksizin kız çocuklarına kıyasla daha fazla yardım ettikleri bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, çocukların araçsal yardım etme davranışlarının başkalarının ihtiyacını gözeterek gerçekleştirildiğini destekler niteliktedir.
Young Children Help by Considering Other’s Needs
Researches revealed that helping behaviors emerge as early as after children’s first birthday of their life. However, in young children, it is not clear whether these behaviors are performed in order to benefit other(s) or for another reasons. To study this problematic, an instrumental helping task was used and four different conditions were designed depending on whether the adult needs for the falling object or not and whether the object falls spontaneously or the object is dropped by adult. In the within-subject design study, different conditions were combined in a scenario and counter-balanced. Forty-three children (22 girl, 21 boy) aging between 18-38 months participated in the study. The results of the study indicated that children helped significantly more in the need conditions than in the no-need conditions. However, there was no significant difference in children’s helping behavior either the agent of the falling object is an adult or not. Results also showed that, regardless of need or no-need conditions, boys were more likely to help the adult than girls in the conditions in which adult is an agent of the falling object. These results are in line with researches that point out children’s instrumental helping behaviors may occur by considering other’s needs.

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