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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikoloji Özel Dergisi; 2018;3(1):11-21
Engelli Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Değişimi ve Duyarlılık Eğitimleri
U Kermen
İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu çalışma engellilere yönelik olumsuz tutumların değiştirilmesini ve duyarlılık eğitim programlarını ele almaktadır. Tarih boyunca olumsuz tutum, önyargı ve ayrımcılığa maruz kalan engellilere yönelik ayrımcılığın önüne geçilmesi için yapılacak duyarlılık eğitimlerinin, toplumun tüm katmaları düşünülerek bütüncül olarak ele alınması gerekir. Bu bütünün en dış halkasını yasal düzenlemeler yoluyla toplumsal normlara müdahale oluşturmaktadır. Daha içte grup ve birey düzeyinde sınıf içi ve dışı eğitimler işin içine girmektedir. Bu bağlamda; ilgili eğitim içerikleri oluşturulurken tutum değişikliği konusunda yararlanılabilecek sosyal psikoloji kuramlarının tanımlanması önemlidir. Genel olarak duyarlılık eğitimlerinde; bilgilendirme, etkileşimde bulunma, rol oynama/canlandırma ve davranışı model alma şeklinde dört teknik kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilgili 4 tekniğe ve engellilere yönelik tutum değişimdeki rolüne değinilmiştir. Makale beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu bölümler çocuk ve ergen suçluluğu, suç ve maneviyat ilişkisi, suça sürüklenen çocuklarda manevi müdahaleler, okullarda suça sürüklenen çocuklara ve ailelere yönelik müdahale ve önleme yaklaşımları, ceza ve infaz kurumlarında suça sürüklenen çocuklar için manevi temelli müdahalelerdir. İlk bölümde çocuk suçluluğunun tanımı, kapsamı, suça sürükleyen etkenlere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, suçu açıklayan manevi psikolojinin teorilerine değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde bu çocuklar için geliştirilen inanç temelli müdahale yaklaşımları, grupla psikolojik danışma yaklaşımları, pozitif psikolojinin manevi müdahalesi, danışmanlık yeterlilikleri anlatılmıştır. Son bölümde ise suça sürüklenmiş çocuğa sahip ailelere ve okulda çocuklar için geliştirilmiş manevi müdahalelere yer verilmiştir.
Attitude Change towards Disabled Persons and Senstivitiy Trainings
This study is a review on spiritual and religious oriented interventions for juvenile delinquents. The article is composed of five parts, namely: (i) juvenile delinquency, (ii) the relationship between crime and spirituality, (iii) spiritual interventions for juvenile delinquency, (iv) spiritual interventions in prison for delinquent children, and (v) spiritual interventions in schools for delinquent children and their family. In the first part, the definition and scope of juvenile delinquency and the factors for committing a crime are given. In the second part, theories of spiritual psychology concerning juvenile delinquency are expressed. Faith-based intervention approaches, group psychological consultation approaches, and the spiritual interventions and counseling proficiencies of positive psychology’s spiritual intervention and counseling proficiencies are discussed in the third part. In last part, space has been given to in-school interventions and prevention approaches for families.

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