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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2004;5(1):16-21
Deliryum tanısıyla takip edilen hastaların izlem sonuçları
MK Kuşçu, V Topçuoğlu, Ö Altunel, Y Bez
Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İSTANBUL
Amaç: Erken tanı ve tedavisi önemli olan deliryum, hekimlerin tanı koymakta zorlandıkları bir klinik tablo olarak da
bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda deliryum tanısı konmuş olan hastaların takip ve tedavi süreçleri içerisindeki özelliklerin
belirlenmesi ve literatür bilgileri ışığında deliryum hastalarıyla ilgili ileriye yönelik bir takip programının önceliklerinin
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ocak 2003-Ekim 2003 tarihleri arasında Marmara Üniversitesi Hastanesi
Konsültasyon-Liyezon Psikiyatrisi Birimi’ne ulaşan 344 konsültasyon isteği retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi ve DSM-IV
tanı ölçütlerine göre deliryum tanısı konmuş olan 38 olgu incelendi. Sonuçlar: Deliryum hastalarının ortalama olarak günde
6.69 ilaç kullandığı ve kişi başına ortalama neden sayısının 2.87 olduğu saptandı. Hastaların %86.20’si kardiyovasküler
ilaçlar, %72.41’i GİS ilaçları kullanmaktaydı. Deliryuma neden olarak en sık sistemik nedenler saptanırken, postoperatif
durumlar bu nedenlerin içinde ilk sıradaydı. Hastaların büyük bir çoğunluğu (%80.45) hiperaktif deliryum olarak
değerlendirilirken, %56’sında uyku azalması, %52.9’unda da varsanılar saptandı. Tedavide tek başına en çok tercih edilen
ilaç haloperidol (%27.78) ve ketiyapin (%27.78) iken bunları risperidon (%5.56) takip etmekteydi. İdame tedavisinde en
çok ketiyapin tercih edilmekteydi. Tartışma: Deliryum hastalarında kişi başına düşen ortalama ilaç sayısının literatüre
göre yüksek olması göze çarpıcıdır. Kişi başına düşen deliryum oluşturabilecek ortalama neden yüksekliği, tek bir hastayı
birden fazla birimin takip etmesi ve birbiriyle ilişkili olabilecek patolojilerin ayrı ayrı kaydedilmesiyle açıklanabilir. Olası
etiyolojik etken olarak en sık postoperatif durumların saptanması, yaşlı hastalar için cerrahi girişimin hastalığın gelişimine
zemin hazırlaması ile açıklanabilir. Hiperaktif deliryum oranının literatüre göre çok yüksek oranda bulunması, hiperaktif
olmayan deliryumlu hastaların daha az tanındığını ve bu hastalar için daha az psikiyatri konsültasyonu istendiğini akla
getirebilir. Bulgularımız deliryum hastalarında varsanıların uyku bozukluklarıyla paralel gittiği görüşünü desteklemektedir.
Psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavisinde atipik antipsikotiklerin kullanımındaki artış hasta grubumuzda da ortaya konmuştur.
Clinical presentations and follow up outcomes of the delirium patients
Objective: Early diagnosis and management of delirium has long been a research area of great significance in clinical
practice. Despite the commonality of the phenomenon, clinicians are having difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. The
purpose of this study was to determine the clinical presentations of delirium referrals and their follow up in hospital
setting. Methods: 344 consultation referrals to the Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry Unit of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Marmara Medical School, between January 2003 and October 2003 has been reviewed
retrospectively. Thirty-eight patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for delirium entered the study. Results: The
average daily drug usage and average number of etiologies among the delirium patients was 6.69 and 2.87 respectively.
Of the patients 86.2% were using cardiovascular drugs while 72.41% were using drugs acting primarily on gastrointestinal
system. Most common etiologies responsible for delirium were systemic causes and being in a postoperative state. The
majority of patients presented as hyperactive delirium (80.45%). While 56% of the patients reported a reduced total
amount of sleep, 52.9% described delusions. Haloperidol (27.78%) and quetiapine (27.78%) were the most preferred
drugs for monotherapy while risperidone was the second most. Majority of patients were held on the quetiapine
treatment for their maintenance treatment. Conclusion: It is striking that the average daily drug use of delirium
patients is higher in our patient population than the literature. Since the management of a delirious patient is a
multidisciplinary approach, related pathologies may be named distinctly by each discipline and this may be an explanation
to high average number of etiologies in our patient population. Although surgical interventions are the most probable
etiologies they can be a predisposing factor for older patients to develop a delirium state. The relatively high ratio of
hyperactive delirium patients appears to be a result of the difference in the rates of reporting for hyperactive and nonhyperactive
delirium states. A lesser need for a psychiatry consultation for the non-hyperactive group might be another
explanation. The present study supports the idea that delusions and sleep disturbances are concordant in the delirium
patients

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