Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2001; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Psikiyatri Dünyası; 2001;5(4):130-139
Yeme Bozuklukları
F Maner
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Son yıllarda "yeme bozuklukları" (YB) giderek önem kazanmıştır. 30 yıllık süreç içerisinde anoreksiya nervoza (AN) hastalarının %25'i hayatlarını kaybetmekte, %25'i kronikleşmekte yani düşük beden ağırlığı devam etmekte ya da bulimiya gelişerek ağırlıkta büyük oynamalar oluşmaktadır. Yaklaşık %40'ı düzelmekte, geri kalanı hafif belirtilerle yaşamlarını sağlıklı bir biçimde sürdürmektedir. YB’de mizaç, anksiyete ve madde kullanım bozukluğu prevalansı yüksektir.AN, kilo kaybetmeye yönelik, amaçlı ve istekli davranış biçimleri, kilo kaybı, beden ağırlığı ve yiyecekle aşırı uğraşı, özel yemek yeme biçimleri, kilo almaktan aşırı korku, beden imajı bozukluğu ve amenore ile karakterizedir. Hastaların yaklaşık yarısı bütün yiyecek alımını ileri derecede azaltarak kilo kaybeder, bazıları yoğun egzersiz yapar. Hastaların diğer yarısı katı bir diyet uygular, ancak ara sıra kontrolü kaybederek, kusma davranışlarının ardından tıkınırcasına yemek yer. Bazı hastalar ise küçük miktarda yemek yedikten sonra kusar.Bulimiyada benzer koşullarda ve sürede çoğu kişinin yediğinden daha fazla tıkınırcasına yemek yeme eşliğinde yoğun olarak kontrolünü kaybetme duygusu vardır. Tıkınırcasına yeme beden biçimi ve ağırlığı ile aşırı ilgilenen ve tıkınmalar sırasında aldığı kaloriyi kaybetmeye yönelik düzenli davranışları olan, görece normal ağırlıkta veya kilolu kişilerde görüldüğünde bulimia nervosa olarak değerlendirilir.

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