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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2017;24(2):117-123
Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Polikliniği Tarafından Özel Eğitime Yönlendirilen Çocukların Ruhsal Şikayetleri ve Klinik Özellikleri
H Altun, E Fındıklı
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Kahramanmaraş
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi kliniği tarafından özel eğitime yönlendirilen çocuk ve ergenlerin demografi k özelliklerinin, ruhsal şikayetlerinin ve psikiyatrik tanılarının belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi kliniğine başvuran 0-17 yaş 136 çocuğun dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bütün olguların yaşı,cinsiyeti,başvuru şikayetleri,zeka seviyeleri,komorbid fi ziksel ve ruhsal hastalıkları,ilaç kullanımı ve psikiyatrik tanıları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Olguların %65.4’ü erkek, %34.6’sı kız idi. Ortalama yaş 6.5±3.1 idi. Olguların çoğu (n=76,%55.9) 0-6 yaş aralığındaydı. Sıfır-6 yaş arasında en yaygın şikayetler konuşma geriliği, yaşıtlarına göre gerilik, algılama güçlüğü, 7-17 yaş aralığında ise okumayı öğrenememe, okul başarısızlığı, dikkat eksikliği olarak belirlendi. En yaygın psikiyatrik hastalıklar zeka gerilikleri (%79.4,n=108) ve otizm spektrum bozukluklarıydı (%13.3,n=18). Komorbid fi ziksel hastalık olguların %37.5’ünde, ruhsal hastalık ise %49.3’ünde vardı. Olguların %20.6’u psikiyatrik ilaç kullanmaktaydı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda çocuk ve ergenlerde en yaygın özel eğitim gerektiren ruhsal hastalıkların zeka geriliği ve otistik spektrum bozukluğu olduğu, olguların çoğunluğunun 0-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklardan oluştuğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmanın verileri hem özel eğitim gerektiren ruhsal hastalıklarla ilgili istatistiki verilerin belirlenmesine hem de bu olgular ile ilgili planlama yapılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Psychiatric Complaints and Clinical Characteristics of Children Referred to Special Education By Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Units
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic characteristics, complaints, and psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents that were refered to special education by child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient units. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 136 children and adolescent aged 0-17 years, that had applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient unit where the study was conducted . Age, gender, main complaints at the time of referal, mental capacity, comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders, history of medication used and psychiatric diagnoses of all cases were evaluated. Results: of all cases, 65.4% were boys and 34.6%, girls. Mean age of cases was 6.5±3.1. Most cases (n=76, 55.9 %) were 0-6 years old. Most commonly observed complaints within this age group were ‘problems in language development”,‘delayed onset of speech compared to peers” ,‘diffi culties in comprehension and perception’’. For cases within 7-17 age range, inability to start reading”, 'academic failure' and 'defi cits in attention”' were determined as the most commonly reported complaints at referal. Most common psychiatric diagnoses were mental retardation (79.4%, n=108) and autism spectrum disorders (13.3%, n=18). Rate of any comorbid physical disorder was 37.5%, while 49.3% had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. Among all, 20.6% of the cases were using psychiatric medication. Conclusion: With our study, it was found that intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses indicating the need for special education in children and adolescents and that majority of the cases were 0-6 years old. We believe data and results of this study shall, hopefully, contribute to determining statistical data regarding psychiatric disorders that would require special education for intervention as well as to carry out a better follow up and treatment plan for these cases.

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