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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikoloji Özel Dergisi; 2017;2(3):225-232
Afet Psikolojisinin Sosyal Boyutu: Afetlere Hazırlıklı Olmak
AN Karancı, C Doğulu
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Afetler, yıkıcı etkilerinden dolayı toplumların ve yönetimlerin önemli gündemlerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Gerek makro, gerekse mikro düzeylerde yönetilmesi gereken bir sorun olarak afet riskleri; çeşitli paydaşların katılımıyla uygulamaya konan afet politikalarıyla çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; afet hazırlığı, afet risk yönetiminin ana bir bileşeni olarak çeşitli uluslararası politika platformlarında ele alınmaktadır. Psikoloji yazınının bu alana en önemli katkısı, bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde hazırlıklı olmayı teşvik edebilecek etkenleri ortaya koymak olmuştur. Afetlere hazırlıklı olma düzeylerinin hangi etkenlere göre ve nasıl bir düzende değişiklik gösterdiğini anlamak için çeşitli psikososyal kuramlar ve modeller kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları; bireysel, toplumsal ve kurumsal seviyelerde çeşitli değişkenlerin hazırlıklı olmayı belirlediğini göstermiştir. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de afet hazırlığı üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda; risk algısı, afet deneyimi, iyimserlik, kadercilik, sonuç beklentisi, öz yeterlik, tepki yeterliği, sorumluluk ve güvenin hazırlığı etkileyen başlıca değişkenler olduğu bulunmuştur. Hazırlıklı olmaya yönelik müdahale çalışmalarının sürdürülebilirlik, toplumsal katılım ve çoklu tehlike anlayışları benimsenerek uygulanması konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır.
Social Dimension of Disaster Psychology: Disaster Preparedness
Today, disasters are an important agenda of societies and governments given their negative impact. Involving both macro and micro levels, disasters are managed with policies implemented with participation of various stakeholders. Disaster preparedness is addressed as an essential component of disaster risk management in various international policy platforms. Psychology, by using a variety of psychosocial theories and/or models, has contributed to this field by identifying the factors that explain disaster preparedness at the individual level. Research findings have revealed that various individual, societal, and institutional level factors determine disaster preparedness. Studies conducted in the world including Turkey have shown that risk perception, disaster experience, optimism, fatalism, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, response efficacy, responsibility, and trust are among the major factors influencing preparedness. The topic will be better understood with intervention studies on disaster preparedness adopting a sustainable, participatory, and multi-hazard approach.

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