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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 10>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2017;5(10):197-218
Geçmişin Mirası ve Geleceğin Haritası: Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemalar
N Gör, İ Yiğit, B Kömürcü, İŞ Ertürk
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Geleneksel bilişsel-davranışçı kuram ve uygulamadan temel alarak geliştirilen yenilikçi-bütünleyici bir yaklaşım olan şema terapi, çocukluk döneminde karşılanmayan temel duygusal ihtiyaçların ve olumsuz yaşantıların sonucunda, erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların oluştuğunu ve bireylerin, yaşamlarını bu şemalar temelinde şekillendirdiğini öne sürmektedir. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar, erken dönem yaşam deneyimleriyle şekillenen ve geçmişten bize miras olarak kalan ve gelecekteki yaşantılar için bir yol haritası sunan bilişsel yapılar olarak düşünülebilir. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların yetişkinlik dönemindeki işlevsel olmayan doğası göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bu bilişsel şemaların nasıl oluştuğunun erken dönemde belirlenmesi önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların oluşum sürecinde rol oynayan, bağlanma biçimleri ve mizaç, ebeveynlik biçimleri ile çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantılarına ilişkin çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiş ve çalışma bulguları kuram ve uygulama açısından incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ele alındığında, erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaları değiştirmeyi hedefleyen şema terapinin sunduğu olanaklarla, geçmişi yeniden ele alıp düzenleyebilir, şimdiyi daha sağlıklı hale getirebilir ve geleceği koruma altına alabiliriz.
The Legacy of the Past and the Map of the Future: Early Maladaptive Schemas
Schema theory, innovative-integrative approach based on traditional cognitivebehavioral theory and practice, suggests that early maladaptive schemas are developed as a result of unmet emotional needs and negative experiences in childhood, and individuals organize their lives on the basis of these schemas. Early maladaptive schemas could be thought as cognitive structures shaped by early life experiences and inherited from the past, providing a roadmap for future experiences. Considering dysfunctional nature of early maladaptive schemas in adulthood, it is very crucial to determine how these cognitive schemas are developed in childhood. In this review, research on attachment styles and temperament, parenting styles, and childhood maltreatment experiences, which play a role in the formation of early maladaptive schemas, were reviewed and findings of the research were discussed in terms of theory and practice. Taken together, with schema therapy that provides opportunities to change early maladaptive schemas, we can reconsider the past, make the present healthier and protect the future.

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