Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(2):146-152
Bilișsel ișlev bozukluklarının psikososyal ișlevsellik ile ilișkisi
K Balıkçı, AE Danacı
Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesi, Manisa
1970’li yılların başlarından itibaren çeşitli nörolojik ve nöropsikiyatrik durumlar içinde bilişsel bozuklukların işlevselliği en çok etkileyen faktör olduğu bilinmektedir. Bilişsel bozukluk ve psikiyatrik hastalık belirtileri arasındaki ilişkinin çok güçlü olmamasına karşın bilişsel bozukluk ile psikiyatrik hastalıklarda sosyal işlevsellik, yaşam kalitesi ve işsizlik arasında güçlü ilişki bulunmuştur. Hobart ve arkadaşları da bilişsel işlevler ve işlevsellik arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirdikleri çalışmalarında, tam tanısal değerlendirme için bilişsel değerlendirmenin önemli olabileceği sonucuna varmışlardır. Bilişsel işlev bozuklukları sosyal ve mesleki alandaki işlevsellik ve toplum içinde bağımsız yaşama gibi işlevlerin öngörücü etmeni olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastaların sosyal algılama ve bilişsel kapasitesindeki sınırlılıklar sosyal işlevselliğini etkilemektedir. Hastaların bu sosyal bilgi ve beceri düzeyinin yanı sıra sosyal becerilerini ortaya koyabilmeleri için hedef belirleyebilme, sorunlar için alternatif çözümleri üretebilme yani problem çözebilme yetilerinin yerinde olması gerekir. Bu noktada ise bellek, dikkat ve yürütücü işlevler gibi bilişsel alanların rolü büyüktür. Yürütücü işlevler mesleki işlevsellik, yaşam kalitesi ve bağımsız yaşama becerilerini kapsayan toplumsal işlevsellik ile en güçlü ilişkiyi göstermektedir. Bilişsel işlevlerdeki bozulmalar, hastaların psikososyal işlevsellik düzeylerindeki gelecekteki %20 ile %60 arasındaki bir değişimi yordayabilmektedir. Tanı sistemleri ve farmakolojik tedavilerin ilk olarak şizofreninin psikotik belirtileri ve daha sonra da negatif belirtileri üzerine ve bipolar bozuklukta manik ve depresif dönem belirtilerine odaklanması nedeniyle, bilişsel sorunlar uzun yıllar boyunca büyük oranda göz ardı edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bilişsel bozuklukların göreceli olarak istikrarlı olması (belirtiler olmadığında dahi), bunların nöropatolojik değişikliklerle ilişkisi ve risk altındaki gruplarda (örneğin birinci derece akrabalar) mevcut olması, bilişsel bozuklukların psikiyatrik bozukluklar için hassasiyet oluşturan bir etmen ve girişim için geçerli bir hedef olarak görülmesine yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda bu konu üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda artış gözlenmiştir.
The relation of cognitive dysfunctions with psychosocial functioning
From the early 1970s onwards, it is known that the functional outcome of cognitive impairments is the most influential factor among various neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Although the relationship between cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms is not very strong, there is a strong relationship between cognitive impairment and social functioning, quality of life and unemployment in psychiatric disorders. Hobart et al. also concluded that cognitive evaluation may be important for complete diagnostic evaluation in studies evaluating the relationship between cognitive functions and functionality. Cognitive dysfunctions are predictive of functions such as social and occupational functioning and independent living within the community. The limitations of the patients’ social perception and cognitive capacity affect their social functioning. In addition to the level of social knowledge and skills, patients need to be able to identify goals for social skills and to be able to produce alternative solutions for problems such as problem solving competencies. At this point, the role of cognitive domains such as memory, attention, and executive functions is great. Executive functions have the strongest correlation with social functioning, including occupational functioning, quality of life, and independent living skills. Deterioration in cognitive function can predict a future change of 20% to 60% in the level of psychosocial functioning of patients. Cognitive problems have been largely ignored for many years because diagnostic systems and pharmacological treatments first focus on psychotic and then negative symptoms of schizophrenia and manifestations of manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. However, the fact that cognitive deficits are relatively stable (even in the symptom free phases), their association with neuropathologic changes and their presence in populations at risk (e.g first-degree relatives) have led to cognitive deficits being seen as a susceptible factor and a valid target for intervention in psychiatric disorders. For this reason, studies on this subject have increased in recent years.

http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-white-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-ostrich-vein-6108-black-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-dark-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-green-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-wallet-camel-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-green-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-32cm-togo-leather-6108-electric-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-pink-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-croco-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-dark-blue-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-h-wallet-royal-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-electric-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-grey-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-elephant-grey.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-wallet-togo-leather-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-herbag-31cm-burgundy-canvas-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-blue-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-30cm-birkin-bag-togo-leather-with-strap-light-pink-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-wallet-togo-leather-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-rose-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-jige-clutch-29cm-croco-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-red-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-in-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-picotin-lock-togo-leather-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-green-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-25cm-handbag-6068-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbag-yellow-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-orange-golden.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-camel-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-gold-light-coffee.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-28cm-bag-togo-leather-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-small-31cm-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-handbag-large-36cm-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbag-burgundy-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-dark-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-light-coffee-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-so-kelly-28cm-togo-leather-shoulder-bag-hot-pink-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-30cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-white.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-leather-handbag-black-hot-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-brown-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-wallet-togo-leather-rose.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bi-fold-wallet-h006-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-epsom-leather-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-togo-leather-handbags-black-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-men-h-belt-138-silver-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-black.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-epsom-leather-jige-clutch-29cm-brown.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-bolide-31cm-togo-leather-orange-bag.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-wallet-h005-h-red.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-medor-clutch-29cm-croco-burgundy.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-crocodile-leather-handbag-grey-white-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-red-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-dark-khaki-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-garden-party-36cm-canvas-handbag-yellow.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-calf-leather-8616-handbag-cherry-pink.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-kelly-cut-31cm-epsom-leather-clutch-orange.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-lindy-30cm-handbag-orange-silver.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-blue.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-handbag-crocodile-leather-green-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-kelly-22cm-epsom-leather-yellow-silver-with-chain-strap.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-camel.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-bag-23cm-togo-leather-black-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-mini-evelyne-tpm-bag-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-dogon-wallet-togo-leather-h001-green.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-birkin-35cm-cattle-skin-vein-handbags-blue-gold.html http://www.simplehandbaga.com/hermes-constance-23cm-togo-leather-orange-silver.html