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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2017;7(2):132-145
Bipolar bozukluk ve bilișsel ișlevler
D Ceylan, VȘ Cankorur
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir
Bipolar bozukluğu olan bireylerin yarısından fazlasında bilişsel işlevlerde bozulmalar görülmekte, yaklaşık üçte birinde bilişsel bozukluklar şiddetli seyretmektedir. Bipolar bozukluğu olan hastalar hastalığın erken ya da ileri dönemlerinde, duygudurum belirtileri olmasa bile bilişsel bozukluklar gösterebilmektedir. Bipolar bozukluğu olan bireylerin birinci derece akrabalarında da bilişsel işlev bozuklukları gösterilmiştir. Bipolar bozukluk hastaları en belirgin olarak yürütücü işlevler, sözel öğrenme ve bellek alanlarında bozukluklar göstermektedir. Bilişsel işlev bozuklukları bipolar bozukluğun alt tipleri, hastalığın klinik seyri ve tedavide kullanılan ilaçlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Son dönemde ise izlem çalışmaları bipolar bozukluğu olan bireylerde bilişsel bozukluğun şiddetinin yıllar içinde değişiklik göstermediğine dönük kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Bipolar bozuklukta psikososyal işlevsellik ve hastalığın prognozu bilişsel işlev bozukluğundan olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bipolar bozuklukta bilişsel işlev bozukluklarının önemine dönük farkındalık giderek artmakla birlikte, klinik ortamlarda bilişsel işlevlerin değerlendirilmesinden nasıl faydalanılacağı konusunda yeterli birikim oluşmamıştır.
Bipolar disorder and cognitive functions
More than a half of the individuals with bipolar disorder present cognitive impairments, and nearly one third of the patients with bipolar disorder are severely impaired. Patients with bipolar disorder may present cognitive dysfunctions in the early or late stages of the illness, even if mood symptoms do not exist. Cognitive dysfunction has been consistently shown in first degree relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder show impairments, particularly in executive functions, verbal learning and memory. Cognitive dysfunction has been associated with subtypes of bipolar disorder, clinical course of illness and drugs used for treatment. According to recent follow-up studies, the severity of cognitive impairment does not change over the years in bipolar disorder. Cognitive dysfunction has a negative impact on psychosocial functioning and prognosis in bipolar disorder. Despite an increasing awareness of the importance of cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder, there is not enough knowledge on how to benefit from cognitive assessments in clinical settings.

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