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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(3):209-215
Ülkemizde Üçüncü Basamak Bir Merkezde Görülen Viral Ensefalit Olguları: Herpes Simpleks Tip-1’e Bakış
BÇ Kavaklıoğlu, E Çoban, A Şen, E Söylemezoğlu, MA Aldan, D Ataklı, A Soysal
Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu çalışmada sporadik ensefalitin bilinen en sık, potansiyel olarak ölümcül ve tedavi edilebilir etkeni olan herpes simpleks ensefalitinin (HSE) bir Türk popülasyon örneklemindeki insidansının araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Ensefalit ön tanısı ile merkezimizde tetkik edilmiş hastaların demografik, klinik, laboratuvar, görüntüleme, elektrofizyoloji ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) DNA bulguları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 68 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların en sık baş- vuru semptomunun davranış değişikliği (%67,6) olduğu görüldü. Hastaların %27,9’unda manyetik rezonans görüntülemede (MRG) temporal T2 hiperintensitesi ve %66,2’sinde elektroensefalografi (EEG) anormalliği gözlendi. Toplam 35 hastada beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) analizinde lenfositik pleositoz tespit edildi. Elli yedi hasta viral ensefalit tanısı alırken, üç hastada bakteriyel menenjit, üç hastada tüberküloz menenjit, iki hastada sporadic Creutzfeld-Jacob hastalığı, iki hastada akut dissemine ensefalomiyelit ve bir hastada brusella ensefaliti saptandı. Viral ensefalit tanılı 7 hastada (%10,2) herpes simpleks virus (HSV) DNA PZR pozitifliği saptandı. Sonuç: Viral ensefalitler, enfeksiyöz kaynaklı ensefalitlerin en sık nedenidir; bununla birlikte, diğer atipik etkenlerin de göz ardı edilmemesi gerekir. Güçlü bir HSE ön tanısı konulmuş hastalarda elde edilecek negatif HSV DNA PZR sonuçları antiviral tedavi ihtiyacının ortadan kalktığını düşündürmemelidir; çünkü PZR da dahil olmak üzere kullandığımız tanı yöntemleri özellikle akut dönemde hatalı sonuçlar verebilmekte ve HSE halen enfeksiyöz ensefalitin tek tedavi edilebilir etkeni olarak önemini korumaktadır.
Review of Viral Encephalitis Cases Seen at a Tertiary Care Center in Turkey: Focus on Herpes Simplex Type 1
Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), known as the most common, potentially mortal, and treatable cause of sporadic encephalitis, in a sample Turkish population. Methods: The demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, electrophysiology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA results of patients examined with a pre-diagnosis of encephalitis were retrospectively examined. Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The most common presenting symptom was altered behavior (67.6%), while temporal T2 hyperintensity was determined in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 27.9% of the patients and electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities were determined in 66.2% of the patients. Lymphocytic pleocytosis was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 35 patients. Fifty-seven patients had been diagnosed with viral encephalitis, 3 with bacterial meningitis, 3 with tuberculous meningitis, 2 with sporadic Creutzfeld–Jakob disease, 2 with acute disseminating encephalomyelitis, and 1 with Brucella encephalitis. Seven (10.2%) cases of viral encephalitis were found to be positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA by PCR. Conclusion: Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis; however, other atypical causes should also be noted. Negative PCR results for HSV DNA should not exclude the need for antiviral therapy in patients with a strong pre-diagnosis of HSE because diagnostic modalities, including PCR, may fail in acute settings and HSE remains the sole treatable cause of infectious encephalitis.

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