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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 5>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2017;18(5):419-427
Bir toplum ruh sağlığı merkezinde şizofreni hastalarına uygulanan ruhsal-toplumsal uyumlandırma etkinliğinin araştırılması: Kontrollü çalışma
İ Özdemir, Y Şafak, S Örsel, AK Kahiloğulları, H Karadağ
Mustafa Kalemli Tavşanlı Devlet Hastanesi, Konya
Amaç: Şizofreni tedavisinde bütüncül anlayış, ilaç tedavisi ile birlikte psikososyal tedavilerin uygulanmasını önermektedir. Çalışmamızda bir toplum ruh sağlığı merkezinde (TRSM) yapılan psikiyatrik uyumlandırma uygulamaları (ruhsal-toplumsal uyumlandırma ve farmakoterapi) ve bakım gereksinmelerinin karşılanmasına yönelik çalışmaların etkinliğinin, poliklinikte izlenen şizofreni hastalarıyla (farmakoterapi) karşılaştırarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza kliniğimize bağlı TRSM’de (s=100) ve poliklinikte (s=50) şizofreni tanısı ile en az bir yıldır düzenli olarak izlenen hastalar alınmıştır. İki gruba da barınma, ekonomik durum, çalışma ve sosyal haklar içeren Sosyodemografik Veri Formu ile Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Negatif Semptomları Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Pozitif Semptomları Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği, İşlevsel Faaliyetler Anketi, Kısa İşlevsellik Değerlendirme Ölçeği, İçgörünün Üç Bileşenini Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Tıbbi Tedaviye Uyum Oranı Ölçeği ve bakım verenlerine Zarit Bakım Veren Yükü Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından farklılık bulunmazken, bakım veren yükü poliklinik grubunda yüksekti. Klinik değerlendirmede pozitif ve negatif belirtilerde TRSM grubunda anlamlı farklılık gösteren düşük puanlar, depresyonda benzer; işlevsellik, iç görü ve tedavi uyumunda ise TRSM grubunda olumlu yönde anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. İşlevsellik alanlarında TRSM grubunun, ‘özerklik’, ‘bilişsel işlevsellik’, ‘boş zaman etkinlikleri’ alanlarında daha iyi, ‘mesleksel işlevsellik’, ‘mali konular’, ‘kişilerarası ilişkiler’ alanlarında ise benzer oldukları bulundu. Tartışma: Şizofrenideki güncel tedavi yaklaşımlarında, ‘iyileşme’ olarak ele alınan kavramda, hastaların toplum içinde yer almaları, bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin geliştirilmesi ve çalışarak üretime katılmaları konularına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda TRSM uygulamalarının birincil (işlevsellik, iç görü, tedavi uyumu, bakım veren yükü) ve ikincil (pozitif, negatif şizofreni belirtileri) sonuç göstergelerinde klinik gidişe olan olumlu etkisi saptandı. Diğer yandan mesleksel işlevsellik ve kişilerarası ilişkiler alanlarında henüz farklılık oluşturmadığı görülmektedir. Sonuçlar, uyumlandırma çalışmalarında mesleksel uyumlandırma alanı başta olmak üzere bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin geliştirilmesine ağırlık verilmesinin önemini vurgulaması açısından önemlidir.
nvestigation of the efficacy of a psychiatric-social rehabilitation performed on individuals with schizophrenia in a community mental health center: Controlled study
Objective: The holistic approach in schizophrenia treatment recommends the practice of psychosocial treatments in addition to medical treatment. In the present study we aimed to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial rehabilitation (psychosocial rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy) and care requirements performed in a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) compared with patients treated as usual (pharmacotherapy) in the outpatient clinic. Methods: The study included patients who were regularly followed up because of schizophrenia for at least one year in CMHCs (n=100) and polyclinics (n=50). A Sociodemographic Data Form was used to question housing, economic status, working and social rights, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Functional Activities Questionnaire, Functioning Assessment Short Test, Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight, and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale were applied to both groups, and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was administered to caregivers. Results: Although there was no difference regarding sociodemographic variables between the groups, the caregiver burden was higher in the polyclinic group. Lower scores indicating significant difference in the CMHC group in positive and negative symptoms, were similar for depression, and a positively significant difference was detected in functionality, insight, and adherence to treatment. The CMHC group was found to be better in ‘autonomy,’ ‘cognitive functionality,’ and ‘spare time activities’ in functionality areas; however, patients were found as similar regarding ‘occupational functionality,’ ‘financial issues,’ and ‘interpersonal relations’. Conclusion: The term ‘recovery’ in schizophrenia currently relates with patients having a role in society, improving independent life skills, and contributing to production by working. We detected the positive effect of CMHC practices in primary (functionality, insight, adherence to treatment, caregiver burden) and secondary (positive, negative schizophrenia symptoms) outcome indicators. However, no difference was detected in the areas of occupational functionality and interpersonal relations. The results are important because they emphasize the importance of concentrating on the improvement of independent life skills, particularly professional adaptation in adaptive studies.

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