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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 20; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2017;20(Özel):78-95
Gezi Protestolarına Katılanların Politik Proflleri ve Demokratik Tutumları
G Baysu
Kadir Has Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Gezi Parkı protestoları uluslararası medyada çoğunluğu Müslüman olan bir ülkedeki laik ve İslamcı gruplar arasındaki bir çatışma olarak görülmüş ve Türkiye’deki demokrasinin geleceği hakkında şüpheler uyandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın sosyal kimlik ve kolektif eylem kuramları temelinde iki amacı vardır: (1) ortak politik kaygıya, yani protestoya katılım nedenlerine, ve katılım biçimlerine, yani gerçekleştirdikleri eylemlere, göre katılımcıların politik profillerini tanımlamak ve (2) bu profildeki kişilerin farklı demokratik tutumları ne derece benimsediklerini araştırmak. Protestolar devam ederken internet üzerinden yürütülen araştırmaya 645 eğitimli, şehirli genç-yetişkin katılımcı katılmıştır. Katılımcıların politik kaygılarının ve farklı katılım türlerinin örtük sınıf analizi yöntemi ile analizi sonucunda dört farklı politik profil ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özgürlükçüler ve laikler demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre gibi konularda ortak kaygılarını dile getirmektedir. Ancak özgürlükçüler azınlık hakları, laikler ise daha çok etnik ve (laikliğe yönelik) dini tehdit konularında kaygılanmaktadır. Her iki grup da protestoya katılmış olmakla beraber, özgürlükçüler doğrudan katılım, laikler ise (tencere ve tava ile ses çıkarmak gibi) dolaylı katılım yollarını tercih etmişlerdir. Ortayolcular (veya muhafazakar laikler) de demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre konusunda kaygı duymaktadır. Protestolara tutum olarak destek verseler de doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak katılımları sınırlıdır. Son olarak, muhafazakarlar, diğer konularda daha az kaygı duysalar da, protesto-temelli polis şiddeti gibi konularda kaygılarını dile getirmiş; doğrudan değil sosyal medya üzerinden politik katılımı tercih etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, politik profillerin demokratik tutumlarına bakıldığında, özgürlükçülerin kapsayıcı ve çok kültürlü bir demokrasiyi en çok benimseyen grup olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları günümüz protestoları ve katılımcılarına olduğu kadar, bunların demokrasi ile ilişkisine de ışık tutmaktadır.
Political Profiles and Democratic Attitudes of the Gezi Park Protest Participants
The Gezi park protests were depicted as a divide between secularist and Islamist groups in a majority-Muslim country and have caused concerns about the state of democracy in Turkey. Deriving from a social identity approach to collective action, this paper had two major aims: (1) distinguishing political profiles of people based on their shared political concerns and types of participation, and (2) relating these political profiles to their endorsement of democratic attitudes. Highly-educated urban young-adult participants (N = 645) participated in an online survey during the protest. Latent class analysis of participants’ political concerns and participation types yielded four distinct political profiles. Liberals and secularists were similarly concerned over environment, democracy, and women’s rights. They differed in that liberals were more concerned over minority rights while secularists over ethnic and religious threat (against laïcité). Both groups participated in the protests, yet liberals preferred direct participation whereas the secularists preferred more indirect participation such as making noise with pots and pans. Moderates (or conservative secularists) were also concerned over environment, democracy and women’s rights; they supported the protests yet participated less. Finally, the conservatives were the least concerned and least active, though they shared protest-based concerns such as police brutality and participated via social media. Moreover, across several measures of democratic attitudes, liberals were the ones most supportive of a diverse multicultural and inclusive democracy. These findings shed light on the contemporary protests and its participants’ profiles and their relationship to democracy.

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