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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(2):137-141
Akut Romatizmal Ateş, Sydenham Koresi ve Psikopatoloji
A Gımzal, V Topçuoğlu, MY Yazgan
Marmara Ü Tıp Fak Psikiyatri ABD, İstanbul
Akut romatizmal ateş (ARA) A grubu beta hemolitik streptokok enfeksiyonu ile tetiklenen otoimmün bir hastalıktır. ARA, kardit, poliartrit, Sydenham koresi ve daha az sıklıkta görülen eritema marginatum ve subkutan nodülün çeşitli birlikteliklerinden oluşur. Akut romatizmal ateş geçiren hastaların yaklaşık %20’sinde Sydenham koresine rastlanmaktadır. Akut romatizmal ateşin geç bir belirtisi olan Sydenham koresi streptokok enfeksiyonundan genellikle 3 ay veya daha sonra görülür. Sydenham koresi duygudurum oynaklığı, anksiyete, obsesif kompulsif belirtiler, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite belirtileri veya tiklerle seyredebilen bir nöropsikiyatrik durumdur. Obsesif kompulsif belirtiler Sydenham koresinde %70 sıklıkta görülür. Sydenham koresinde otoimmün mekanizmaların rolü ve bazal gangliyonlarda fonksiyon bozukluğu olduğu gösterilmiştir. A grubu beta hematolitik streptokoklara karşı oluşan antikorlar bazal gangliyonlarla çapraz reaksiyona girerler. Sydenham koresi erişkin dönemde görülen OKB, Tourette sendromu ve şizofreni ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu özellikleri Sydenham koresini obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) ve ilişkili bozukluklar için açıklayıcı bir model haline getirmektedir. Streptokok enfeksiyonları sonrası gelişen bu bozukluk psikiyatrik bozukluklar için antibiyotik tedavisi, plazmaferez ve intravenöz immünglobulin gibi yeni tedavi seçeneklerinin olabileceğini de akla getirir. Bu yazıda Sydenham koresi olan ve olmayan ARA olgularında OKB, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktive bozukluğu (DEHB) ve tik bozukluklarının araştırılmasına dayanan fenomenolojik çalışmalar ve tedavi çalışmaları özetlenmektedir.
Acute Rheumatic Fever, Sydenham’s Chorea and Psychopathology
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. ARF consists of several combinations of carditis, polyarthritis and Sydenham’s chorea, and rarely seen erythema marginatum and subcutaneous nodules. Sydenham’s chorea is seen in about 20% of patients with ARF. As a late symptom of ARF, Sydenham’s chorea usually occurs 3 [month]s or longer after the streptococcal infection. Sydenham’s chorea is a neuropsychiatric disorder that may present with emotional lability, anxiety, obsessive compulsive symptoms, attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms or tics. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms occur in 70% of patients with Sydenham’s chorea. The role of the autoimmune mechanisms and the dysfunction of the basal ganglia have been demonstrated in Sydenham’s chroea. Antibodies against group A beta-hemolytic streptococs cross-react with basal ganglia. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) shares the same mechanism with Sydenham’s chorea, but PANDAS has not been shown to require penicillin prophylaxis. Thus it is important to distinguish between them. Sydenham’s chorea is associated with adulthood OCD, Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia. These features make Sydenham’s chorea an explanatory model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. This poststreptococcal disorder provides a treatment opportunity with new therapies like antibiotic therapy, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for psychiatric disorders. In this paper we summarize the phenomenological and treatment studies of OCD, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and tic disorders in subjects with ARF, with or without Sydenham’s chorea

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