Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1999; Cilt: 7; Sayı: Ek 4>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 1999;7(Ek 4):5-32
Madde kullanıcılarının özellikleri: Gözden geçirme
K Ögel, D Tamar, C Evren, C Hızlan, YE Evlice, E Önder, B Uluğ, H Coşkunol, M Bekaroğlu, A Sır, H Kara, A Özkürkçügil, S Ünal, M Çakıcı, D Çakmak
Amaç: "Madde kullanıcılarının özellikleri" çalışması Türkiye'de çeşitli bölgelerde yaşayan madde kullanıcılarının özelliklerini araştırmak amacıyla planlanmış olan çalışmanın ikinci aşamasıdır. Çalışmanın niteliksel olan birinci aşamasından elde edilen sonuçlar ikinci aşamanın yönteminin oluşturulmasında yol gösterici olmuştur. Yöntem: İkinci aşamada Türkiye'nin 10 ayrı ilinde madde kullanan kişilerle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tercih maddesine göre esrar, uçucu madde, hap ve eroin kullanan kişilere kartopu yöntemi ile ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış bir soru formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alman 369 madde kullanıcısının 331'i erkek, 38'i kadındı. Tercih maddesine göre ise çalışmaya alınan vakaların % 13.8'i hap, % 19.5'i uçucu, % 29'u eroin ve % 37.7'si esrar kullanıyordu. Madde kullananların ailelerinde sorun yaratacak düzeyde alkol ve madde kullanan kişilerin varlığının yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Madde kullananlar arasında yasal sorun yaşayanların % 65 oranında olduğu saptandı. Yasal sorun yaşama sıklığının madde kullanımı başladıktan sonra giderek arttığı görüldü. İlk kullanılan bağımlılık yapıcı maddenin sigara olduğu bildirildi. Damar yolu ile madde kullanma oranı % 24 olarak bulundu. Damar yolu ile madde kullananların % 15.7'sinin son bir yıl içinde başkasının enjektörünü kullandığı, %23.6' sının ise kendi enjektörünü başkasına verdiği tespit edildi. Enjektör temizliği konusunda ise yanlış yöntemlerin kullanıldığı ve % 31.6'sının ise enjek-törünü hiç temizlemediği saptandı. Tartışma: Uçucu madde kullananların yaşlarının en küçük olması, belli bir adresi olmayanların en yüksek oranda olmaları dikkat çekiciydi. Madde ile ilişkisi olmayan yasal sorun yaşama sıklığı uçucu madde ve hap kullananlarda daha sıktı. Madde temin edebilmek için hırsızlık, yasadışı ve ahlaka aykırı eylemde bulunduğunu en fazla bildiren grup uçucu madde kullananlardı. Esrar kullananların sosyal yapılarının diğer maddeleri kullanan gruplara göre daha iyi korunduğu tespit edildi. Bu grup madde kullanımı ile ilgili en az sorun yaşadığını bildiren gruptu (% 52). % 67'si esrarı bırakmayı düşünüyordu. Esrarla birlikte alkol kullanımı yüksek oranda bulundu. Eroin kullananların büyük bir çoğunluğu madde kullanımının kendileri için bir sorun yarattığını düşünüyordu. Madde kullanımı sonucu iş kaybı, yasal sorun yaşama ve cezaevinde girme yüksek oranda bulundu. Gelişigüzel cinsel ilişkiye girme oranı yine en yüksek eroin kullananlarda saptandı. Hap kullanımı ile suç arasında yakın bir ilişki tespit edildi. Hap kullananlarda madde ile ilişkili veya ilişkisiz suç işleme sıklığı daha yüksek, yasal sorun yaşama yaşı ise daha küçüktü. Aileleri ile birlikte yaşama oranı yüksek olduğu halde, aileleri ile ilişkileri daha kötüydü.
Characteristics of drug users: A review
Objective: The study in "characteristics of drug users" is the second phase of the study planned to invastigate the characteristics of drug users living in the various areas ofTurkey. The results obtained from the first qualitative phase led to establish the method for the second phase. Method: In the second phase, drug users have been interviewed from ten different cities of Turkey. According to the choice of drugs, those who were using cannabis, volatile, pills and heroin have been reached by snowball technique. In this study, semistructured questionnaire has been used. Results: Of 369 drug users, 331 were men and 38 were women. According to the choice of drugs, 13.8 % was using pills, 19.5 % was using volatile, 29 % was using heroin and 37.7% was using cannabis. This study revealed that there was great deal of drug and alcohol users in the family of the drug users. This study showed that 65 % of druf users was having legalproblems, it was becoming frequent after they start using drugs. It was reported that cigarette was the first addictive drug used by them. It has been found that the rate of drug users was 24%. 15.7 % of IV users has used the needle of other lV users in the past year, and 23.6 °/o of them has given their needles to other IV users. It has also been observed that incorrect methods have been used for sterilizing the needles and 31.6 % of them never sterilized the needles they used. Conclusion: It was noticable that among volatile users, the number of teenagers and homelesses was quite high. They were having legal problems more frequently. There were more crimes attempted in this group. It has been noticed that the social status of cannabis users were better being protected when compared to the other groups of users. This group reported that they have had less problems with cannabis use (52 %). 67 % of them was thinking to give it up. The level ofalcohol consumption was getting increased together with cannabis. The majority of heroin users agreed that the use of heroin was causing the problems for them. As a result of the use of heroin, they were loosing their jobs, having legal problems and being imprisoned. Also, the rate of having casual sexual intercourse was the highest in this group. It was noticed that there was a close relationship between pill using and erime. The level of commiting crimes was higher in the group of pill users. Although this group of users were living together with their families, their relationships were worse.

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