Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1999; Cilt: 7; Sayı: Özel 1>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 1999;7(Özel 1):15-21
Şizofrenide nöroleptik ilaçların bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki etkileri ve olanzapin
S Çıtak
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Şizofrenili hastaların yaygın ve genel bilişsel eksiklikler sergilediği bilinmektedir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda dikkat, icra, öğrenme ve bellek, lisan ve görsel-uzamsal algı gibi işlevlerde eksiklikler olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu eksikliklerin hastalığın başlangıç döneminde varolduğu, remisyon dönemlerinde devam ettiği ve ilerleyici nitelikte olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Şizofrenide uygulanan ilaç tedavilerinin bilişsel işlevler üzerinde çeşitli etkileri vardır. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında, nöroleptik ilaçların etkileri incelenmiştir. Tipik nöroleptik ilaçların bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki etkileri hakkında belirgin bir görüş birliği yoktur. Bazı çalışmalarda bilişsel işlevlerde kötüleşme olduğu ya da herhangi bir değişiklik olmadığı bildirilmiş, diğer çatışmalarda ise dikkat işlevleri üzerinde düzeltici etkileri olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Atipik nöroleptik ilaçların bu alandaki etkileri daha belirgin gözükmektedir. Klozapinin sözel akıcılık, dikkat ve grafo-motor hız üzerinde olumlu etkileri okluğu bildirilmiştir. Risperidon ile ilgili çatışmalar, sözel çalışan bellek üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini vurgulamaktadır. Olanzapine ilişkin henüz yayınlanmamış çalışmalar ise dikkat.motor, görsel algı, icra ve öğrenme işlevleri üzerinde düzeltici etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
The effects of neuroleptic drugs and olanzapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenia
Schizophrenic patients show diffuse and extensive cognitive deficits. There is evidence that there are persistent deficits in evecutive functions, memory, language and visuospatial functions. Studies suggest that cognitive impairment is present at the onset of psychosis, is not progressive and is a stable feature of the illness. Neuroleptic treatments in schizophrenia have various effects on cognitive functions. In this review, these effects have been investigated. In some studies typical neuoleptics have been reported to improve attention, but some other studies report worsening or no change in cognitive functions. Atypical neuroleptics seem to have marked effects on this domain. Most of the studies with clozapine have reported improvements on tasks of verbal fluency, attention and graphomotor speed. Studies with risperidone , improvements in working memory have been reported. Unpublished studies with olanzapine indicate that it has improving effects on attention ,motor, nonverbal, executive and learning skills.

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