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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences; 2016;3(1):20-24
Gen Terapisi ve Viral Vektörlerin Kullanımı İle Gen Nakli
C Akpınaroğlu, GH Sayar
Yeditepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Tek bir gene bağlı hastalıkların gen terapisi ile tedavisi hala bir kısım tarafından deneysel olarak nitelendirilse de özellikle bu son 10 yıldaki en son klinik başarılar ile gittikçe daha fazla kabul gören bir yöntem haline gelmektedir. DNA’yı harika bir kolaylıkla ve hassasiyetle modifiye edebildiğimiz clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) metodu gibi yeni tekniklerin keşfi ve ilerleyen teknoloji ile genetik modifikasyonları uygulamak daha kolay bir hale gelmektedir. Gen terapisi psikiyatrik ve Alzheimer ya da Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif rahatsızlıkları tedavi edebilecek güçlü ve büyük bir potansiyeli olan bir yöntemdir. İyileştirecek olacak genetik malzemenin doğrudan hücrelere yollanması ve rahatsızlığın direkt olarak kaynağından çözümlenmesi, gen terapisinin basit prensipidir. İstenilen genlerin hedef hücrelere taşınması için kullanılan viral ve viral olmayan vektörler listelenmiş ve kısaca açıklanmışlardır. Viral vektörlerin aksine viral olmayan vektörler bağışıklık sistemini tetiklemezler fakat düşük transfer seviyeleri onları araştırmalar için daha az ilgi çekici yapmaktadır. Adenovirüsler, adeno ilişkili virüsler, alt kategorileri olan lentivirüslerle birlikte retrovirüsler ve herpes virüsleri konumuz olan, beyinde ve merkezi sinir sisteminde tedavi amaçlı kullanımlarına ilişkin avantajları ve dezavantajları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Nörotrofik faktörlerin beyinde ve sinir dokusunda önemli rolleri vardır. Nörodejeneratif rahatsızlıkları tedavi etmek için nörotrofik faktörleri viral vektörler kullanarak iletmek, umut vadeden bir yaklaşım yoludur. Bu yazıda, bütün temel ayrıntıları ve beyine dair sunabileceği tedavi edici etkileri ile tarihsel arkaplanı da dahil edilerek gen terapisinin prensipleri, metodları, zorlukları ve klinik uygulamaları hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır.
Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery to the Brain Using Viral Vectors
Treating monogenic disorders via gene therapy although still considered experimental by some, has becoming a more accepted method lately especially in these last 10 years with a number of recent clinical successes. Genetic modifications are becoming easier to perform with the progressing technology and discovery of new techniques such as the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) methods which can modify DNA with great ease and accuracy. Gene therapy is a powerful technique with huge potential to treat psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Gene therapy is simple in principle, which is corrective genetic material is sent into cells and the disease is cured by ending the problem at its source. Viral and non-viral vectors which are used for the delivery of the desired genes to the targeted cells are briefly listed and explained. Unlike viral vectors non-viral vectors don’t cause an immune response but their pretty low transfer rate makes them rather less interesting for research. Viral vectors of adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses with its subclass of lentiviruses and herpes viruses are compared with their advantages and disadvantages related to usage in brain and CNS treatment of our topic. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) have important roles in brain and nervous tissue. Delivering NTFs via viral vectors for treating neurodegenerative diseases is a promising approach. Providing information about principles, methods, hurdles and clinical applications of gene therapy with its historic background to present it with its all basic details and therapeutic effects it can provide to problems related to brain are aimed in this writing.

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