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Yıl:1997; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 40>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 1997;12(40):1-21
Çalışma Belleğinin Yapısal ve İşlemsel Kapasitesinin Incelenmesi
N Er
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bu araştırmanın amacı, çalışma belleğinin yapısal ve işlemsel kapasitesinin değişik görev türleriyle incelenmesidir. Araştırma üç ayrı çalışmadan oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmalara 120 kız 120 erkek olmak üzere toplam 240 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Deneklerin 100'ü birinci çalışmaya (50 kız, 50 erkek), 60 ’ı (30 kız, 30 erkek) ikinci çalışmaya, 80'i ise üçüncü çalışmaya (40 kız, 40 erkek) katılmıştır. Birinci çatışmada, çalışma belleğiyle ilişkili yedi adet uzam görevinin faktör örüntüsü incelenmiştir. İkinci çalışmada, çalışma belleğinin yapısal ve işlemsel kapasitesi bir akıl yürütme görevi üzerinde iki değişik görev türüyle (mekansal-sayısal) birlikte ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Üçüncü çalışmada ise ikinci çalışmada kullanılan akıl yürütme görevi üzerinde, cinsiyel (kız-erkek), görev türü (mekansal-sayısal), yapısal değişken sayısı (1,2,3) ve işlem sayısı (1,2,3) değişkenlerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Bulgular çalışma belleği ile ilgili değişik görev türlerinde kullanılan malzemelerin özelliklerinin oldukça önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca karmaşık uzam görevlerinin çalışma belleğinin hem yapısal hem işlemsel kapasitesini, buna karşın basit uzam görevlerinin ise çalışma belleğinin sadece depolama kapasitesini yansıttığı bulunmuştur.
Examination of Structural and Operational Capacities of Working Memory
The purpose of this research was to examine the structural and operational capacities of working memory on different task types. The research consisted of three studies. A total of 240 university students (120 feiiiales and 120 males) participated in those studies. The first study involved 100 subjects (50 females, 50males). There were 60 subjects (30 feiiiales, 30 males) in the second study, and 80 subjects (40 females, 40 males) in the Iast study. In the first study, it was examined the factor patterns of seven span tasks measuring working memory. ln the second study, the effects of structural and operational capacities of working memory on a reasoning task were determined independently by two different tasks (spatica vs. numerical). In the last study, the effects of sex (female vs. male), types of task (spatial vs. numerical), tlie number of structural variables (1,2,3) and the number of process variables (1,2,3) upon the same reasoning task were investigated. Findings demostrated that the characteristics of materials used in different task types were very important. It was also found that complex span tasks reflected both structural and operational capacities of working memory but simple span tasks demonstrated only structural capacity of working memory.

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