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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 43>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 1999;14(43):17-30
Ekonomik Hayata Katılımda Yaşanan Sorunların Göçmenlerin Psikolojik Sağlığı ve Ülkeye Uyumu Üzerine Etkileri
Z Aycan
Koç Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Endüstri ve örgüt psikolojisinin öncelikli araştırma alanlarından biri olan işsizlik ve ekonomik hayata uyum, bu araştırmada göçmenlik çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, göçmenlerin ekonomik hayata katılımının psikolojik sağlık ve ülkeye uyumuna olan etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmaya Kanada'da yaşayan 110 Türk göçmeni katılmıştır. Eğitim düzeyi yüksek olmasına rağmen, örneklemin üçte ikisi ya işsiz ya da eğitim ve deneyim düzeylerinin altındaki işlerde çalışmaktadır. Araştırmanın üç temel amacı bulunmaktadır.İlki, iş hayatında yaşanan zorluklar, psikolojik sağlık ve uyum arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırmanın kuramsal modeli LISREL VIII ile sınanmıştır ve değişkenler arasında beklenen yönde ilişkiler bulunmuştur, ikinci olarak, uyumun üç göstergesi olan psikolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik uyumu yordayacı etkenler araştırılmıştır. Statü kaybı, göreli statü ve kültürselleşme stresi psikolojik uyumu; benlik kavramı, yabancılaşma ve kişilik sosyo-kültürel uyumu; statü kaybı, göreli statü, işsizlik ve göç etme nedenleri ise ekonomik uyumu açıklayan etmenler olarak bulunmuştur. Son olarak da, göçmenlerin kültürselleşmeye karşı tutumlarının değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ne yönde etkilediği incelenmiştir. 'Kaynaşma' ve 'ayrışma' Türk göçmenlerinin en çok tercih ettikleri tutumlar olarak bulunmuştur. Düzenleyici değişkenli çoklu regresyon analizi, tutumların stres yaratan koşullarla başa çıkmada etkili etmenler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Effects of Workforce Integration on Immigrants’ Psychological Well-Being and Adaptation
In this study, unemployment and economic integration, which are among the most important topics of industrial and organizational psychology, were examined in relation to acculturation. Participants were 110 Turkish immigrants to Canada. Despite high educational attainments, two-thirds of the sample were either unemployed or underemployed. There were three main objectives in this study. First, the study aimed at examining the relationships among employment difficulties, psychological well-being and adaptation. The conceptual model of the study was tested using LISREL VIII which confirmed that there were positive relationships among workforce integration, psychological well-being and adaptation. Second, the study examined the predictors of the three components of adaptation, namely psychological, socio-cultural and economic. Status loss, relative status, and acculturative stress predicted psychological adaptation; self-concept, alienation, and personality predicted socio-cultural adaptation; status loss, relative status, unemployment, and migration motivation predicted economic adaptation. The final objective of this study was to explore the ways in which acculturation attitudes of Turkish immigrants influenced the relationships among emplovment difficulties, psychological well-being and adaptation. Results showed that 'integration ’ and ‘separation’ were the most preferred acculturation attitudes among Turkish immigrants. Moderated multiple regression analyses revealed that acculturation attitudes helped immigrants cope with stressful life events resulting from emplovment difficulties.

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