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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 15; Sayı: 45>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2000;15(45):59-76
Türk Öğretmenlerin Değer Yönelimleri ve Schwartz Değer Kuramı
ME Kusdil, Ç Kağıtçıbaşı
Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa
Bu araştırma, yakın zamanlarda geliştirilmiş ve kültürlerarası geçerliği saptanmış olan Schvvartz Değer Listesinin, dört değerin de eklenmesiyle birlikte, 183 Türk öğretmene uygulanmasıyla ilgilidir. Çalışmada, ayrıca, öğretmenlerin aile tanımlan ve dinsel yönelimlerinin değerlerle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çokboyutlu alan analizi, eklenen dört değerin Schwartz ’ın değer kuramında öngörülene benzer bir yapı içinde ve beklenen değer tiplerinde yeraldığını göstermektedir. "Kadında namus" ve "erkeğin üstünlüğü" değerleri geleneksellik tipinde; "misafirperverlik" değeri uyma/güvenlik bileşik tipinde; ‘‘laiklik’’ değeri ise evrenselcilik/Özyönelim bileşik tipinde saptanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin değer yönelimleri, örneklem çekirdek/geniş aile tercihi ve yüksek/düşük düzey dinsel yönelim gruplarına ayırılarak incelenmiştir. Çekirdek aile tercihinde bulunan öğretmenler geniş aile tercihi grubuna göre, Yeniliğe Açıklık değerlerine daha fazla, Muhafazacı Yaklaşım değerlerine ise daha az önem yüklemişlerdir. Bu iki grup arasında, Özaşkınlık ve Özgenişletim değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Dinsel yönelim grupları birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, düşük dinsel yönelim grubunun diğerine göre, Yeniliğe Açıklık değerlerine daha fazla, Muhafazacı Yaklaşım değerlerine ise daha az önem yüklediği saptanmıştır. Bu gruplar Özgenişletim değerlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık sergilemezken, Özaşkınlık ana grubunu oluşturan iki tipten evrenselcilik tipi içindeki değerler düşük dinsel yönelim grubunca daha önemli olarak derecelendir ilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Kağıtçıbaşı ’mn (1990; 1998) aile değişim modeli ve bireycilik/toplulukçuluk kavramları çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Value Orieniations of Turkish Teachers and Schwartz’s Theory of Values Running Head: Values
In the present study, Schwartz’s Value Survey was applied to 183 Turkish teachers with four additional values. The multidimensional space analysis showed that the additional values emerged in expected value types (“chastity in woman” and ‘‘superiority of men” in tradition; “hospitality” in conformity/security and "secularism ” in universalism/self-direction), exhibiting a structure similar to the one proposed in Schwartz ’s theory of values. Teachers' value orientations were examined by dividing the sample into nuclear/extended family preference and high/low religious orientation groups. The findings showed that the subjects who preferred nuclear family gave higher ratings to Openness to Change values whereas the subjects in extended family group rated Conservation values higher than the other group. These groups did not differ significantly in their ratings of Self-Transcendence and Self-Enhancement values. The comparisons between high and low religiosity groups showed that low religiosity’ group gave higher ratings to Openness to Change values and lower ratings to Conservation values than did high religiosity group. In Self-Transcendence values, the ratings of these groups differed only in universalism value type; low religiosity group rated these values significantly higher than did high religiosity group. The ratings of these groups did not differ in Self-Enhancement values. The findings were discussed in relation to Kagitçibasi’s family change model and individualism-collectivism concepts.

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