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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2015;5(2):166-173
Psikiyatrın acilde yasal sorumluluğu
H Soysal
Acil psikiyatri biriminde çalışırken hekimin kendi can güvenliğini koruması yasalara karşı değil ama sevdiklerine karşı birincil görevidir. Hekimlik mesleğinin paternalizmden şeffaf, sorgulanabilir ve iyi hekimlik eksenine evrilmesiyle, hekimlerin tanı ve tedavilerinde yasal ve etik kurallar ön plana çıkmıştır. Acil birimde çalışırken hastanın aciliyeti, yakınlarının endişesi ve hasta yükü altında ruh hekiminin hızlı ve hayati kararlar vermesi birleştiğinde hata yapma olasılığı daha fazladır. Bu yüklenmeyle başa çıkmak için uzmanlık öğrencileriyle deneyimsiz hekimlerin deneyimli ve bilgili meslektaşlarına danışması, deneyimli hekimlerin hızlı davranırken ilkelere sadık ve soğukkanlı kalmayı becermesi gerekmektedir. Değerlendirilen hastanın yatırılması gereği ile hastanın yatmayı reddetmesi en sık karşılaşılan dilemmadır. Bu ikilemde kişinin kendisinin veya başkalarının yaşamına ilişkin bir tehdit algısı varsa tavır yatıştan yana konulmalı ancak istemsiz yatışlarda kişinin hürriyetinin kısıtlandığı için gerekli mahkeme kararı için başvuru yapılarak hekim kendisini ceza ve tazminat davalarından korumalıdır. Her tedavinin geri dönüşümsüz veya hastaya acı veren komplikasyonları olabilir. Ancak hekim, uygulamalarının kaynak kitap ve bilimsel yayınlarda yer alan standart uygulama ve tedaviler içinde yer aldığını kanıtladığı takdirde yasal yükümlülük altına girmez. Her türlü tedavi ve uygulamada hastaya insanlık onuruna yakışır tarzın sergilenmesinde acil çalışanlarına rehberlik etme, hastaya cinsel amaçla yaklaşma iddialarına karşın bedensel muayenelerde refakatçi bulundurma, tedavinin en az invazif olanını tercih etme, fiziksel bağlama gerektiğinde tespit gömleği kullanmayıp yatağa tespiti asgari sürede sonlandırma önemsenmesi gerekli prensiplerdir. Hasta mehremiyeti ile hekimin suçu ihbar yükümlülüğü psikiyatrın diğer bir ikilemidir. Kendisinin ve başkalarının yaşamını tehdit eden durumlar ile önemli suçlar halinde gerekli bildirimlerde bulunmak yoksa sırdaşlık ilkesine sadık kalmak önerilir.
Legal Responsibilities of the Psychiatrist in the Emergency Setting
Legal Responsibilities of the Psychiatrist in the Emergency Setting The primary responsibility of the physician working at the psychiatric emergency unit is to prevent danger to his/her own life. Although this is not mandatory legally, it is an obvious obligation for their beloved ones. The evolution of the medical profession from paternalism to transparent, questionable and “good medical practice” axis, legal obligations and ethical rules gained higher significance. The probability of misbehavior in the emergency unit is higher, trying to achieve an urgent diagnosis requiring fast and vital decisions and an appropriate treatment in the presence of concerned companions and heavy patient traffic. House officers and inexperienced psychiatrists should consult more experienced and wellinformed colleagues, who should be able to keep calm and stick to the principles. The most frequent encountered dilemma is the necessity of hospitalization versus he patients’ refusal. The psychiatrist should prefer hospitalization if there is a perception of danger towards the life of the patient and/or others, but as such a hospitalization restricts the freedom of an individual, the physician should also protect himself/herself against being sued for compensation or penalty by obtaining a court order for hospitalization. Every treatment may have irreversible or painful complications. The psychiatrist will not be legally responsible as long as he/she can prove that his/her acts are in accordance with standard applications and treatments in the textbooks and scientific publications. Important principles include, presenting guidance to attendants of the emergency unit in displaying a style worthy of human dignity in all kinds of treatments and applications, keeping an attendant present during the physical examination against claims of sexual abuse, choosing the least invasive treatment, and preferring fixation to bed for a minimum duration instead of the strait jacket. Another dilemma of the psychiatrist is about patient confidentiality and obligation of the psychiatrist to inform criminal acts. The necessary information should be given to authorities in the presence of important crimes or life-threatening conditions for self or others, otherwise adherence to patient confidentiality is recommended.

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