Bu araştırmanın problemini şahsiyet Özellikleri ile idraklerimiz arasındaki münasebetlerin genel olarak incelenmesi teşkil etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, şahsiyet terimi, bir kimsenin muhitine intibakmda görülen ferdî özelliklerin bir konfigürasyonu ile davranış tarzınm bütünü olarak, kabul edilmektedir. Çevremizden haberdar olma vetiresine kısaca idrak deriz. İdrak, dahilî ve haricî çevreden gelen tenbihlerin belirli alıcılar vasıtasıyla beyne iletilip buradaki farklılaşmış merkezlerde değerlendirilmesi, mânâlandırılması hâdisesi olduğuna göre, idraklerimiz ile şahsiyetimizin karşılıklı tesirlerde bulunmaları beklenebilir

The . problem of this study is the relationship between the personality characteristics and perceptual processes. .In these experiments our subjects were divided into four different groups according to the MMPI test of personality and they were given visual tests such as the Muller-Lyer test of visual illusions, reproduction of small horizontal distances and estimations of horizontal lengths. According to our hypothesis, individuals that indicate deviations in their personality characteristics are also expected to show deviations in their perceptual behaviors. In this study the personality characteristics of the subjects formed the independent variables and the perceptual behaviors of these subjects in three different situations formed the dependent variables.IVERts were divided into four groups according to their transformed scores in the MMPI test of personality. These obtaining clinical scores of 70 or above were called the- «high -score groups. Ss with one clinical score of 70 or more, formed the «group of one high-score». The Ss with clinical scores between 69 and 46 were called «the normals* and these who obtained a score of more below 46 points, formed «the low score group». These four groups, and especially the high score group and the normals differed significantly from each other with respect to their perceptive behaviors. In the experiment with Muller-Lyer Illusion, the difference between the general mean scores of the high score group and that of the normals, had a level of significance above 5 % per cent. The rate of deviation from the quartiles was 9.8 % with the normals, whereas the high score group deviated with a rate of 35.8 %. The situation was similar to the other two groups. Therefore the subjects deviating from the normals also differed from the normal subjects in their perception of this particular illusion. The general result of our first set of experiments supported our hypothesis. In the reproduction of small horizontal lengths, the stimuli were given to the subjects verbally. High score subjects either over estimated or under estimated the lengths with regard to the normals. Their deviations from the standart stimulus (from the first and the third quartiles) were more than the normals.The difference of the estimations of both groups, for 80 and 120 mm. were significant at the level of five and one percent. However, in the tests for 100 mm. the level of significance was below five per cent (22.68, Pp. 70-72). These results were also interesting as far as our hypothesis were concerned. Lengths between 25 to 175 cm. were selected randomly and were given to the Ss in gradually diminishing and increasing series for the experiments on the estimations of small lengths. In these sets of experiments, too, normals and the high score group differed from each other significantly in their estimations. There were interesting differences between the groups in the estimations of different lengths. For the stimuli below 75 cm., the normals over estimated whereas the high score group under-estimated the lengths. Namely, in their estimations, the normals showed more deviations from the standard stimuli than the other groups. For lengths between 75 to 175 cm., normals In their reactions approached more to the standard lengths than the high score group. Since our study is concerned with the differences between different groups of Ss, we shall not discuss the direction of these changes, but will be interested in the significance level of differences between the normal's group and the high score group. In fact, the reactions to the stimuli of different groups indicate significant differentiations between the normals and the high score group. These differences are .001 in the tests of the stimulus groups 5-25 cm; .01 in that of 76-175 cm; and .001 in that of 26-75 cm; (Pp. 104, 107, 109). These results also confirm our hypothesis. The other two groups besides the high score group, namely, those with one high score and those with low scores also performed differently from the normals. Consequently, in this study which investigated the inter-relations between the perception of small horizontal lengths in various situations and the corresponding personality characteristics, the existence of significant differences between different groups of Ss were confirmed.