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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 4>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2002;10(Ek 4):27-32
Üç büyük kent dışında psikiyatri uzmanlık eğitimi: Sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri
B Kaya
İnönü Ü. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD
Türkiye'de Üniversitenin gelişiminin üç evresinden söz edilebilir, ilki Osmanlıdan devreden köklü üniversiteler, ikinci evre genç cumhuriyetin kurulan ilk üniversiteleri ve üçüncü evre ise 1970'lerden sonra kurulmaya başlayan ve 1980 sonrasında atağa geçen üçüncü kuşak üniversitelerdir. Psikiyatri uzmanlık eğitimi veren kurumların gelişimi de buna paralel bir gelişim göstermiştir. Akıl hastaneleri modelinden özellikler taşımakla birlikte zaman içinde bu kimlikten sıyrılarak genel hastane sistemi içinde psikiyatri kliniğine dönüşen bu yapılar yeni üniversitelerde göreli olarak daha özgür gelişme olanağı buldular. Bu farklı deneyim ve eğilimlerin birlikte varoluş süreci, ortak yanları olsa da farklılıkların belirleyici olduğu eğitim ortamları yarattı. Hem klinik uygulamada, hem eğitimin içeriği, hem de biçiminde farklılıklar olan modeller oluştu. Bu farklılık psikiyatri dünyasının ortak etkinlik alanlarına yansımaya başladığında tartışma gündemine taşan en önemli sorun "eğitimin standardizasyonu " oldu. Daha köklü üniversitelerin uygulaya geldikleri dışında, Anadolu'daki eğitim kurumlarının kendi özgün yaklaşımlarını öne çıkarma ve paylaşma eğilimleri ortaya çıktı. Son on yıl içinde psikiyatri kongrelerine ve eğitim etkinliklerine yansıyan verilere bakıldığında batısıyla ve doğusuyla Anadolu üniversitelerinin ne denli etkin olduğu, bilimsel gündemi ne denli yönlendirdiği görülebilmektedir. Başlangıçta bir tek poliklinikten ibaret olan bu eğitim birimlerinin hemen hepsi altyapı ve kadro sorunlarını aşarak yerleşik hale gelmiş, artık varolma sorununun ötesine geçerek ilerleme sürecine girmişlerdir. Bu süreç içinde bu eğitim kurumlarında eğitim alan uzmanlık öğrencileri ve eğitim veren uzmanların psikiyatri uzmanlık eğitimi ile ilgili deneyimleri, eğitim şartları ve neler yapılacağı bölgesel toplantılarda ele alınmaya ve sıklıkla dile getirilmeye çalışılan konuların başında yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu yazıda üç büyük kent dışında psikiyatri eğitimi veren kurumlardaki eğitim ile ilgili sorunlar ve bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri toplantılarda tartışılan ve paylaşılan düşünceler ışığında aktarılacaktır.

Specialization in psychiatry outside the three big cities: Problems and suggestions for their solution
With regard to development of universities in Turkey three periods could be spoken of. First the rooted universities taken over from the Ottoman era, second the first universities established in the young republic and lastly the universities of the third generation which began to be established in 1970s and which experienced an upswing from 1980's on. Also the development of institutions, which offer training for psychiatric specialization, ran parallel to the development of universities. These institutions had in the beginning similar features to those of mental hospitals, but in time they lost this identity and became psychiatric clinics in general hospital system; they found in new universities an atmosphere, in which they could develop relatively more freely. The co-existence of different experiences and tendencies created training atmospheres, in which despite the common points- differences were determining. Models arose which were different in clinical practice as well as in content and form of training. When this difference began to be reflected on the common activity fields of the world of psychiatry, the "standardization of training" became the most important topic of discussions. Apart from conventional practice of older universities, educational institutions in Anatolia began to tend to give priority to their own approaches and to share them. A look at the data that were given to psychiatric congresses and educational activities in the last ten [year]s shows how effective the Anatolian universities are and how much they determine the scientific agenda. Almost all of these educational divisions, which initially consisted of a single poly clinic, solved the problems of infrastructure and staff, became established and entered the process of progress, leaving the problem of survival behind. Here the experiences and training conditions of trainees and trainers for specialization in these educational institutions and the planned actions are main topics that are discussed and frequently mentioned in regional conferences. In this article problems concerning psychiatric training in institutions outside the three big cities and suggestions for their solution shall be explained in the light of opinions that were discussed and shared in conferences.

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