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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2015;16(1):1-8
Bir AMATEM Birimine Başvuran Alkol ve Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu olan Hastaların Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özellikleri
Ö Asan, B Tıkır, İT Okay, E Göka
Ankara Numune Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışmada Ankara Numune Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezi’ne (AMATEM) başvuran hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin ve kullandıkları maddelere ait özelliklerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ankara Numune Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Amatem polikliniğine 1 – 15 Ocak 2013 tarihleri arasında başvuran hastalarla görüşmeler yapılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış bir soru formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Amatem polikliniğine başvuran 302 hastanın 283’ü erkek, 19’u kadındı. Tercih maddesine göre başvuran hastaların %14.6’sı alkol, %53.3’ü opiyat, %5.6’sı esrar, %3.6’sı diğer maddeler (uçucu, ecstasy, kokain vs.), %22.8’i ise mixt madde kullanıcılarıydı. Hastaların %30.5’inin ailelerinde sorun yaratacak düzeyde alkol ve madde kullanımı olan kişilerin olduğu saptandı. Hastaların %21.5’inin madde kullanımı öncesi yasal sorun yaşadığı saptanırken, bu oran madde kullanımı sonrası %36.4 olarak saptandı. Eroin kullananlarda yasal sorun yaşama oranı diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Opiyat kullanan hastaların %24.4’ünün damar yolu ile madde kullandığı saptandı. Damar yolu ile madde kullanan hastaların %55.8’inin son 1 yıl içerisinde en az bir kez başkasının enjektörünü kullandığı, %9.6’sının enjektörünü hiç temizlemediği tespit edildi. Hastaların %58.9 unun hiç kitap okumadığı, %31.8’inin ise hiç gazete okumadığı saptandı. Esrar kullanan hastaların diğer gruplara göre gazete okumak, kitap okumak, arkadaşlarla buluşmak, şehir dışı yolculuk yapmak gibi sosyal faaliyetleri daha sık yaptığı gözlendi. Alkol-madde kullanımı nedeniyle hastaların %19.9’unun eğitimine devam etmediği, %47’sinin iş kaybı yaşadığı, %22.5’inin ise kaza geçirdiği saptandı. Tartışma: Hastaların ailelerinde de yüksek oranda sorun yaratacak düzeyde alkol ve madde kullanımı olması dikkat çekiciydi. Esrar kullanan hastaların sosyal yapılarının daha iyi korunduğu tespit edildi. Eroin kullanıcılarının diğer gruplara göre daha fazla yasadışı yollara başvurduğu ortaya çıktı. . Alkol-madde kullanımı sonucu iş kaybı çok yüksek oranda saptandı. Bu durum alkol-madde kullanıcılarının ailelerinin de ciddi mağduriyet yaşadıklarını göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular göstermiştir ki alkol-madde bağımlılığı; hastaların sosyal yaşantılarını, aile ve çevre ilişkileri, eğitim ve iş hayatları gibi birçok yaşam alanını, yasa dışı işlere neden olarak toplumsal huzuru ve güveni olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Her geçen gün daha büyük bir sorun oluşturan alkol ve madde ba- ğımlılığı için, özellikle ailelerin ve eğitim kurumlarının da dahil olduğu, hastaların biyolojik şikayetlerinin giderilmesinin yanı sıra sosyal yaşamlarını, aile ve çevre ilişkilerini, eğitim ve iş hayatlarını düzenlemeye yardımcı olan multidisipliner bir yaklaşım oluşturulması gerekmektedir
Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Patients with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders in a Specialized Unit
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of substance abusers and characteristics of substance use of patients who were applied to the Alcohol-Substance usage disorders unit of Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital. Method: In this study the alcohol and substance users, who have applied AlcoholSubstance usage disorders unit of Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital between 1-15 January 2013, have been interviewed. Also a semi-structured questionnaire has been used. Results: Of 302 patients, 283 were men and 19 were women. According to the choice of drugs, 14.6% was alcohol users, 53.3% was heroin users, 5.6% was cannabis users, 3.6% was other drug users (cocaine, ecstasy, volatile) and 22.8% was mixt drug users. This study revealed that there was a great deal of drug and alcohol users in the family of the drug alcohol users (30,5%). The study showed that 21.5% of the patients were having legal problems before they start using alcohol-substance and 36.4% of the patients having legal problems after they start using alcohol-substance. It was found that 24.4% of the heroin users were IV users. The 55.8% of IV users have used the needle of other IV drug users. It has also been observed that 9.5% of them never sterilized the needle they used. The 58.9% of patients have not read any book and 31.8% have not read newspaper. The study showed that the cannabis users were making some activities like reading book-newspaper, going to cafe with friends, travelling to other cities more often than the other groups of users. Also the study showed that 19.9% of the patients have not sustained education, 47% have lost job and 22.5% had an accident because of alcohol-drug using. Conclusion: It was noticeable that there was a great deal of drug and alcohol users in the family of patients. It has been noticed that the social status of cannabis users were better being protected when compared to the other groups of users. As a result of the use of alcohol and substance, they were losing their jobs and this situation showed that the families of alcohol and substance users were being victims. The results of this study show that; the alcohol and substance abuse negatively affects many areas of life like social life, family and community relationships, job and education. Also alcohol and substance abuse causes increased illegal activities and disrupts the public peace. The alcohol and substance abuse is being a greater problem day to day, so for treatment a multidisciplinary approach should be developed which contains editing the social life, family and community relationships, the education and work life along with pharmacological treatment.

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