Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2003; Cilt: 11; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2003;11(Ek 2):39-46
Bilişsel ve davranışçı terapi uygulamaları sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken konular
MZ Sungur
Marmara Ü. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, İstanbul
Bilişsel terapiler ile davranışçı terapilerin entegrasyonu sonucu elde edilen parlak tedavi sonuçları ve yaklaşımının kolay anlaşılır ve uygulanabilir özellikler taşıması günümüzde birçok terapistin bilişsel-davranışçı terapi uygulamalarına yönelmelerine neden olmuştur. Ne var ki bu terapistlerin önemli bir kısmı formal bir eğitim ve yeterli bir denetim (süpervizyon) den geçme imkanına sahip olmadıklarından, kuram ve tekniklere sıkı sıkıya yapışmaktan öteye gitmeyen yaklaşımlarla çoğu kez hastalarının bireysel özellik ve gereksinmelerine yönelik tedaviler yerine standart/paket tedavi programları uygulamaktadırlar. Örneğin korkulan uyaranla karşı karşıya gelme sonucu oluşan "alışma", öğrenme ilkeleri üzerine kuruludur. Alıştırma sırasında hasta anksiyetesi, kaçınma davranışları veya ritüelleri azalıncaya kadar korktuğu nesne, ortam veya durumla karşı karşıya getirilir. Ancak her karşılaşma deneyimi terapötik değildir. Bazı karşılaşma deneyimleri kişiyi duyarlı hale getirip fobi oluştururken, bazıları alışma oluşturarak fobinin tedavisini sağlar. Bu yazıda başarılı tedaviler yapabilmek için klinisyenlerin uygulamalar sırasında dikkat etmeleri gereken bazı önemli noktalar tartışılmıştır.


Crucial points in the practice of cognitive behavioral therapies
The remarkable results obtained from integration of cognitive and behavioural therapies and the simplicity and straightforward approaches of the treatment modality have attracted many therapists to practice cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy today. Unfortunately a considerable amount of these therapists adhere to guidelines of a textbook-kind of therapy without formal training and supervision and suggest standard package-type treatments with little or no attempt to develop individually tailored programmes. For instance exposure is based on learning principles and involves persuading the patient to enter such situations until their avoidance, rituals and anxiety subside. But every exposure is not therapeutic. Some exposure to noxious stimuli may sometimes produce (sensitize) phobias and at other times reduce (habituate) them. This paper discusses some crucial points that clinicians need to consider during practice of CBT to increase positive treatment outcome.

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