Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(Ek 1):0-0
Psikiyatrik genetik araştırmalarda kullanılabilecek genetik yöntemler: II. Hastalıkların genetik modellemesi
AN Akarsu
Hacettepe Ü. Tıp Fakültesi
Yeni genlerin izolasyonu(gen haritalama) çalışmalarının başarısı için hastalıkların genetik açıdan modellenmesi çok önemlidir. Genetik modelleme 1- en olası kalıtım kalıbının saptanması, 2- bilgisayar analizlerinin yapılmasına olanak verecek parametre dosyalarının oluşturulması aşamalarından oluşur. Kromozomların sayı ve yapı anomalileri dışında kalan kalıtım kalıpları, tek gen kalıtımı gösteren hastalıklar ve karmaşık kalıtım modelleri ana başlıkları altında toplanabilir. Aile-ağacı analizlerinde klasik Mendel kurallarından beklediğimiz durumlardan sapmalar[eksik kalıtsal geçiş oranı(penetrance), basımlama(imprinting), dinamik mutasyon, genlerin etkileşimi(epistasis), mitokodri kalıtımı, gen-çevre etkileşimleri vs.] karmaşık kalıtım kavramı içine girer. Kalıtıma ait bilgiler, hastalığın ortaya çıkışında rol oynayan başka etkenler(bireylerin hastalıktan etkilenme durumları, kalıtsal geçiş oranları, fenokopi değeri, başlangıç yaşı faktörü vs..) ile birlikte değerlendirilerek ilgilenilen hastalık için bazı genetik modeller öngörülür. Bilgisayar simülasyon analizleri ile bu parametreler üzerinden değişik modeller varsayılarak, moleküler analizler sonucunda ailelerden elde edilebilecek maksimum bilgi saptanmaya çalışılır. Gen haritalama aslında bir olasılık tahminidir ve çalışmanın başarısı modellemede saptanan parametrelerle çok yakından ilişkilidir. Tüm bu yönleri ile hastalıkların genetik modellemesi, klinik-genetik-istatistik işbirliği içinde yürütülmesi gereken karmaşık bir işlemdir.



Methods in psychogenetic research: II. Genetic modeling of human disorders
Genetic modelling of human disorders is a critically important step for the success of gene mapping studies. This process includes 1-) identification of the most likely mode of inheritance; 2-) constructing proper parameter files to allow further statistical analysis. The spectrum of inheritance mode causing genetic diseases can be divided into three major categories as chromosomal; Mendelian (single gene disorders) and complex inheritances. Mendelian disorders obey simple rules of transmission and any shift from these rules makes the pedigree analysis complex (i.e reduced penetrance, imprinting effect, mitochondrial inheritance, dynamic mutation, epistasis; gene-environment interaction etc..). Parameter files are constructed by combining mode of inheritance assumptions and various other parameters such as gene frequencies, affection status, estimated penetrance ratios, phenocopy etc... Simulation studies using these parameter files by assuming different scenarios are extremely useful to obtain the maximum power of the pedigree, for further gene mapping studies. As a conclusion genetic modeling of the human disorders is a complex procedure and the success totally depends on the collaboration of the clinical, genetic and statistical groups.

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