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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(Ek 2):75-88
Çocuk psikiyatrisinde genetik
K Karabekiroğlu, MG Karaman, MY Yazgan
Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Psikiyatrisi AD
Amaç: Çocuk psikiyatrisi’ndeki bozuklukların gelişiminde rol alan genetik faktörlerin gözden geçirilmesi, bu alanda kullanılan genetik araştırma yöntemleri ve tekniklerinin özetlenmesi.

Yöntem: Özellikle son on yıl dikkate alınarak, çocuk psikiyatrisi bozuklukları genetiğine ilişkin yazın gözden geçirildi. Dikkat Eksikliği/Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu dışındaki çocukluk çağında başlayan otizm, öğrenme bozuklukları, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk, Tourette sendromu’nun yanı sıra erken başlangıçlı duygudurum bozuklukları üzerine yapılmış genetik çalışmalar incelendi.

Bulgular: Çocuk Psikiyatrisi bozukluklarının çok büyük bir kısmında genetik yatkınlığı destekleyen bulgular elde edilmiştir. Örneğin, otizmin belirgin bir genetik etiyolojiye sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir ve olasılıkla birkaç genin etkileşimiyle ortaya çıkar. Dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğu, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk, Tourette sendromu, Öğrenme Bozuklukları genellikle çocukluk çağında başlayan bozukluklardır ve hemen hepsinde yapılan genetik bağlantı, asosiasyon çalışmaları vardır. Bunun yanı sıra belli bir sayıda aile, ikiz çalışmaları da yapılmıştır. Son yıllarda elde edilen bulgular belli genler ile belli bozukluk ilişkisini ortaya daha net koyabilmektedir.

Sonuç: Tanısal amaçlı kullanılan laboratuvar ya da patolojik test bulunmadığından ve hastalıkların patofizyolojileri hakkında çok az şey bilindiğinden, psikiyatrik bozukluklarda genetik geçiş şeklini belirlemek oldukça güç olmaktadır. Son yıllarda, son derece hızlı ve ucuz otomatik genotipleme yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir ve geliştirilmeye devam edilmektedir. Modern tanı sistemlerinin kullanıma girmesi ile bu güçlükler kısmen aşılmıştır.
Genetics in child psychiatry
Objective: To review genetic factors linked with onset- or severity of childhood psychiatric disorders, and to summarize research methods and techniques used in this field.

Method: Genetic research in the last ten [year]s of child psychiatry was surveyed with special focus on autism, learning disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette syndrome and mood disorders with childhood- or adolescence-onset.

Results: The data are supportive of genetic etiology in most childhood psychiatric disorders. For example, autism cagenen be defined as a genetically determined disorder, possibly the result of a polygenic interaction. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Tourette Syndrome, and Learning Disorders have been associated with a number of genetic etiologies with clear evidence from family based epidemiological and molecular studies.

Conclusion: The pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is not well established, and no specific laboratory tests and pathological diagnosis are available. Difficulties in defining biologically-relevant phenotypes remain to be a significant obstacle despite increasingly sophisticated, fast and cheaper genotyping techniques. Investigation of genetic basis of the disorders established according to modern diagnostic systems are awaited.

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