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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(Ek 2):39-48
İki uçlu bozuklukta genetik polimorfizm çalışmaları
HA Savaş
Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri AD, Duydudurum Bozuklukları Birimi\r\n
İkiuçlu Bozukluk (İB) patogenezinde çevresel ve genetik etmenlerin önemli rol oynadığı bir genetik hastalıktır. İkiz ve evlat edinme çalışmaları hastalığa yakalanma riski açısından güçlü deliller saptadılar. Bugün için mevcut olan genotipleme teknolojilerinden linkage (bağlantı) çalışmaları hastalıkla ilgili geni yaklaşık olarak saptamaya uygunken, ilişki (association) çalışmaları ise daha ince bir biçimde yatkınlaştırıcı genleri özgül aday genleri inceleyerek yakalamaya yöneliktir. Aday genler İB hastalarında normal kontrollere göre daha yüksek oranlarda ve hastalıkla ilişkili olacak şekilde bir alel dağılımı gösterip göstermedikleri açısından incelenirler. Aday gen yaklaşımı potansiyel olarak güçlü bir yöntemdir. Bugüne kadar İB’de yapılan aday gen çalışmalarının çoğu hastalığın klinik idaresinde kullanılan ilaçların etkilediği nörotransmitter sistemleri üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Yakın zamanlarda işlevsel anlama sahip olduğu bilinen yahut tahmin edilen polimorfizmlerin doğrudan incelenmesi daha sık hale geldi. Literatürdekilerin çoğu birbiriyle akrabalık bağı olmayan vaka ve kontroller arasında yapılan çalışmalardır. Henüz keskin bulgular ortaya çıkmamış olmakla birlikte Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) serotonin transporter (SERT) gibi yapıları kodlayan genlerin polimorfizmleri öncelikli olmak üzere bir çok genle ilgili ilginç bulgular mevcuttur. İB’uğun bazı alttipleri, seyirleri ve lityuma verdiği yanıt bazı genetik polimorfizmlerle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu derlemede İB için yapılmış polimorfizm ve ilişki çalışmaları gözden geçirilmiştir.
Genetic Polymorphism Studies in Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex genetic disorder - both genes and environmental factors play an important part in pathogenesis. Twin and adoption studies provide robust evidence for a major genetic contribution to risk. With current genotyping technologies, linkage approaches are particularly suitable for the approximate localization of genes and association approaches are particularly suitable for fine localization of susceptibility genes and for direct examination of specific candidate genes. Candidate genes can be tested for their association with BD by determining whether a particular allele occurs more commonly in people with disease than in controls. The candidate gene approach is potentially very powerful. To date, most candidate gene studies in BD have focussed on the major neurotransmitter systems that are influenced by medication used in clinical management of the disorder. Recently direct examination of polymorphisms of known or presumed functional relevance has become more usual. Most studies in the literature have been of the unrelated case-control. No definitive findings have yet emerged although there have been some interesting findings including those with polymorphisms within the genes encoding catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and the serotonin transporter (SERT) and some other structures. Phenotypes, the course of the disease and lithium response have been shown to be related some genetic polymorphisms. In this article we review the current status of the literature from the polymorphism and association studies for genetic dissection of bipolar disorder.

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