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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2004;12(Ek 2):31-38
Bipolar bozukluğun genetiği
A Uluşahin
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Bipolar bozukluğun kalıtım özellikleri birden çok yatkınlık geninin ve çevresel etkenin birlikte rol oynadığı karmaşık genetik geçişe uymaktadır. Karmaşık genetik geçiş gösteren hastalıklarda gen ile fenotip arasında doğrudan bir ilişki bulunmayabilir. Hem aile çalışmalarını hem de moleküler genetik çalışmaları güçleştiren bu özelliğe ek olarak bipolar bozukluk tanı kesinliğinin tam olmaması, hastalık başlangıç yaşının değişkenliği gibi bazı zorluklar içermektedir. Bunlara rağmen özellikle son 15 yıldır bipolar bozukluğun genetiği üzerinde bir çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bunların içinde fenotip belirlemek, fenotipler arası akrabalığı değerlendirmek amacını taşıyan aile çalışmaları da bulunmakla birlikte asıl ilgi moleküler genetik araştırmalar alanındadır. Moleküler genetik alanındaki farklı bağlantı (linkage) ve ilişkilendirme (association) çalışmaları bazı ümit verici sonuçlar sağlamakla birlikte henüz çok sayıda farklı çalışmalarla desteklenen ve üzerinde görüş birliği sağlanan bir kalıtım kalıbı, hastalıktan sorumlu bir kromozom bölgesi ya da bir yatkınlık geni belirlenememiştir. Bu çalışmada bipolar bozukluğun genetiği ile ilgili yapılan aile, ikiz ve evlat edinme çalışmalarının yanı sıra moleküler genetik çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. İlgili literatür ışığında bu alandaki yöntem sorunları tartışılmış ve çalışmaların bugünkü durumu özetlenmiştir.
Genetics of Bipolar Disorders
The mode of inheritance of bipolar disorder does not follow a simple pattern, a combination of multiple genes and environmental factors takes place in the etiology of the disorder. In the genetic disorders which are following a complex pattern it is difficult to match a gene with a particular phenotype. Some additional difficulties appear in the case of bipolar genetics research such as the uncertainty of the diagnosis and variability in the age of onset. Despite all these difficulties there has been tremendous effort in the molecular genetic research of bipolar disorders. Promising findings have been emerged in linkage and association studies though no consensus on a single susceptibility gene or a chromosomal region has yet been achieved.

In the present paper family, twin, adoption studies and molecular genetic studies were reviewed. The methodological problems and the current status of bipolar genetic research were discussed in the light of relevant literature.

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