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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 26; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2015;26(2):138-141
Paraşemazinin Fenomenolojik ve Tanısal Kapsamı: Bir Olgu Sunumu
UM Mehta, H Thippeswamy, RD Bharath, P Satishcandra
Ulusal Ruh Sağlığı ve Nörobilim Enstitüsü (NIMHANS) , Hindistan
Paraşemazi, beden algısının bozulması ile tanımlanmakta ve nörolojik bozukluklar (epilepsi, migren, baskın olmayan korteks lezyonları), retina hasarı ve halüsinojenik ilaç kullanımında gözlenmektedir. Bu öznel ve nesnel algısal anormalliklerin karmaşık belirti kümesi, Todd’un Alis Harikalar Diyarında sendromunun temel özelliğini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nöropsikiyatrik görünüm; varsanı, yanılsama ve agnoziden fenomenolojik olarak ayrılmalıdır. Bu yazıda, temporal lob epilepsisinin iktal döneminde ortaya çıkan, geçici yoğun korku ve anormal algılar nedeniyle psikiyatri bölümüne yönlendirilen paraşemazili bir olgu sunuyoruz. Ayrıca tanı koymadaki zorluk ve bu nadir durumla ilişkili fenomenolojik kapsamı tartışacağız. Kırk beş yaşındaki kadın hasta 30-45 saniyelik, kendisinin ve diğer insanların yüzlerinin, kol ve bacaklarının çarpıtılmış göründüğü (ör. fırlayan gözler, uzamış burun, oval veya kare şeklinde kafa) kısa ataklarla başvurmuştu. Algısal bozulma atakları yoğun korku ile ilişkiliydi ve sonrasında 5 dakikalık bilinç kaybı oluyordu. On iki yaşından beri geçirdiği bu ataklar çoklu antiepileptik tedaviye kısmen yanıt vermişti. Kompleks parsiyel nöbet protokolüne göre yapılan 3-Tesla MRI, sağ mezial temporal sklerozu düşündürecek şekilde sağ hipokampüste sinyal yoğunluğunda değişme ve hacim kaybı gösterdi. Nörofizyolojik değerlendirmede dikkati sürdürme, işlem belleği, sözel ve görsel öğrenme ve bellekte bozulma saptandı ki bu da bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal ve temporal lob bozukluklarını akla getirmektedir. Olgu, levetirasetam ve klobazamın birlikte kullanımı ile iyileşti ve 2 yıllık izlemi boyunca nöbet geçirmedi
Phenomenological and Diagnostic Implications of Paraschemazia: A Case Report
Paraschemazia is characterized by distortions of body image, and has been observed in neurological disorders (epilepsies, migraine, and non-dominant cortical lesions), retinal damage, and hallucinogenic drug use. This complex symptom cluster of subjective and objective perceptual abnormalities forms an essential feature of Todd’s Alice in Wonderland syndrome. This neuropsychiatric manifestation must be phenomenologically differentiated from hallucinations, illusions, and agnosias. Herein we report a patient with paraschemazia that occurred during the ictal phase of temporal lobe epilepsy; the patient was referred to the department of psychiatry due to symptoms of transient intense fear and abnormal perceptions. We also discuss the diagnostic difficulty and phenomenological implications associated with this rare phenomenon. A 45-year-old female presented with brief episodes (30-45 s) of sensory distortion, during which the faces and limbs of other people and her own appeared distorted (e.g. protruding eyes, elongated nose, and oval or square head). The episodes of sensory distortion were associated with intense fear and were followed by loss of consciousness for 5 min. She had been experiencing these episodes since the age of 12 years and responded poorly to several antiepileptic medications. 3-Tesla MRI performed using a complex partial seizure protocol showed altered signal intensity and volume loss in the right hippocampus, suggestive of right mesial temporal sclerosis. Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired sustained attention, working memory, and verbal and visual learning and memory, suggestive of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal lobe deficits. She improved in response to a combination of levetiracetam and clobazam, and was seizure free at the 2-year follow-up.

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