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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 52; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2015;52(1):78-87
Türkiye’de Maternal Filisid Olgularının Adli Tıp Yönünden Analizi: Bir Klinik Araştırma
SM Eke, S Başoğlu, Ş Taktak, G Oral
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale
Amaç: Literatürde homisid kurbanlarının %15’inin 16 yaş altındaki çocuklardan oluştuğu; bir yaş altındaki çocukların en fazla riski taşıdığı gösterilmiştir. Kurbanların büyük bir çoğunluğu anneleri tarafından öldürülmüşlerdir. Dolayısıyla, faillerin anneler olduğu çocuk öldürme suçu farklı yönlerden ele alınmış ve literatürde maternal filisid adı altında kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de 0-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklarını öldüren kadınlar ve kurbanlar ile suçun adli tıp yönünden özelliklerini tanımlamak ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması için bir zemin sağlayabilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 1996-2006 yılları arasında T.C Adalet Bakanlığı, İstanbul Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı IV. İhtisas Kurulu’na gelmiş olan 74 maternal filisid olgusunun yapılan muayeneleri ve adli dosyalarının incelenmesi sonrası hazırlanan raporlarını kapsamıştır. Bu raporlardan elde edilen verilerin ışığında filisid girişiminde bulunan annelerin ve öldürülen çocukların sosyodemografik özellikleri, suçun oluş yöntemleri ve annelerin ceza ehliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Filisid suçunu gerçekleştirdiğinden şüphelenilen annelerin genelde genç yaşta olduğu, gebeliği istemediği, 73 annenin suç geçmişinin olmadığı, 48 annenin suçu kabul ettiği saptanmıştır. Kurban çocukların 71 tanesinin öz çocuk olduğu, 38 tanesinin ilk bir yaşta öldürüldüğü ve kurbanların 35 tanesinin kız ve 20 tanesinin erkek çocuk olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma grubunda 7 sanığın eş zamanlı olarak birden fazla çocuğunu öldürdüğü veya öldürmeye teşebbüs ettiği bulunmuştur. Annelerin büyük bir kısmının suçu gündüz saatlerinde işledikleri saptanmıştır. Filisid yöntemleri incelendiğinde en fazla “çocuğu boğma” veya “çocuğu yüksek bir yerden atma” görülmüştür. Kurban çocukalrın büyük bir kısmının silah veya benzeri cisim kullanılmadan el ile öldürüldüğü saptanmıştır. IV. İhtisas Kurulu kararlarına dayanarak, ceza sorumluluğu olmayan annelerle ceza sorumluluğu tam olan annelerin oranı arasındaki farkın fazla olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmada annelerin demografik özelliklerinden, suç sırasındaki durum ve suçun yöntemine dair bulgulardan ve annelerin psikososyal stresörlerinden önemli veriler elde edilmiş ancak bu verilerin çocuk öldürme suçunu tanımlamada sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonunda, araştırılan parametrelere ilave olarak kişileri bu suçu işlemeye yönelten mental durum ve/ veya motivlerin de irdelenmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür.
Analysis of the Maternal Filicide in Terms of Forensic Medicine in Turkey: A Clinical Research
Introduction: In the literature, 15% of the victims of homicide consists of children under 16 years of age; children under the age has been proved that they have the maximum risk. The vast majority of the victims were killed by their mothers. Thus, if mothers are the perpetrators of crime child murders are discussed in different ways, so it is conceptualized under the name of maternal filicide in the literature. This study has been performed for, in Turkey, women who kills their own children between 0-6 years old, victims of crimes, and to determine features of crime regarding on forensic medicine, eventually in order to provide a basis for taking necessary precautious and measures. Methods: This research includes 74 reports of maternal filicide cases came to IV. Board of Specialization at the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul, Ministry of Justice of Republic of Turkey between 1996-2006 years. In the light of data came from these reports, the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers who attempted filicide and children who were killed, and crime occurrence methods and mothers’ criminal legal responsibility were examined. Results: Mothers, suspected of the filicide crime, are often at a young age, they did not desire pregnancy, 73 of mother’s do not have criminal history, and 48 of mothers confessed the crime. Found that 71 of child victims are biological kids, 38 of them were killed around age, and 20 of them were girls, 35 of them were boys. The study group, seven of defendants killed or attempted to kill more than one child at the same time. The majority of mothers committed the crime during the daylight. When filicide methods were examined strangling or throwing up the child from higher were seen the most. The majority of mothers comitted crime wiithout weapon or other objects, just by their hands. Based on decisions of IV. Board of Specialization, no significant difference was observed between the the mothers with criminal liability and mothehers with non-criminal liability. Conclusion: In this study, important data procured from the demographic characteristics of the mothers, findings on conditions during the crime and the method of the crime, and mothers’ psychosocial stressors, but it has been discerned that this data is limited to define the crime of filicide. At the end of the study, besides studied the parameters that directed people to commit this crime, other factors, like mental status and/or motives should be probed.

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