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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions; 2014;1(2):65-78
Çevre, Gelişim ve Bilgi Müdahaleleri: Madde Bağımlılığını Önleme Çabalarını Daha İyi Anlamak ve Örgütlemek için Yeni Bir Önleme Taksonomisi
DR Foxcroft
Oxford Brookes University, UK
Madde kullanımını önlemede alınacak önlemleri birincil, ikincil, evrensel, seçici ve göstergeli gibi değişik türlerde tanımlayabiliriz. Elbette bu sınıflandırmalar sınırlıdır çünkü bunlar madde kullanımı ile ilgili alınacak önlemlerin nasıl gerçekleşeceğini dikkate almaz. Örneğin, bazı önleme programlarının işlevi, sosyal yeterliklerin ve becerilerin iyileştirilmesi yoluyla gençleri geliştirmektir. Bu makale önleme faaliyetlerinin hem şeklini hem de işlevini bir araya getiren ve yazarın geliştirdiği yeni bir önleme taksonomisinin çerçevesini sunmaktadır. Belli başlı önleme teorilerinin yeniden değerlendirilmesi, işlevsel önleme faaliyetlerinin göreli etkinliğini yordamaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu yordama, çevresel önlemin genel olarak gelişimsel, gelişimsel önlemin de bilgisel yöntemden daha etkili olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu yeni taksonominin temel üstünlüğü; önlemenin şekil ve işlev boyutlarını birleştiren bir matrisin önlem stratejilerini belirlemek, deneye dayalı bulguların hangi alanlarda mevcut hangilerinde eksik olduğunu göstermek ve belirli sağlık konularında ve sosyal konularda önlemenin sınıflarının ve bileşenlerinin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilmesidir. Bu tür değerlendirmeler değişik türdeki önleme faaliyetlerinin sonuçla ve süreçle bağlantısını ortaya koymaya, deneye dayalı kanıtlar sağlamaya ve taksonominin önleyici faaliyetlerinin öneminin anlaşılmasına ve etkisinin arttırılması yardımcı olacaktır.
Environmental, Developmental and Informational Interventions: A Novel Prevention Taxonomy to Better Organise and Understand Substance Misuse Prevention
Descriptions of prevention as primary or secondary, or universal, selective and indicated, set out the different forms that drug misuse prevention can take. However, these classifications are limited, as they do not consider how prevention interventions work. For example, the function of some prevention programmes is to improve the developmental trajectory of young people through the enhancement of social competence and social skills. In this paper I set out a framework for describing prevention that brings together both form and function into a novel prevention taxonomy. It is argued that a re-appraisal of mainstream prevention theories leads to a prediction of the relative effectiveness of functional types of prevention. This prediction specifies that environmental prevention is generally more effective than developmental prevention, which in turn is generally more effective than informational prevention. The main advantage of this new taxonomy is that a matrix combining the form and function dimensions of prevention can be used to: identify and map out prevention strategies, consider where research evidence is present and where more is needed, and evaluate the relative effectiveness of different categories and components of prevention for specific health and social issues. Such evaluations would provide empirical evidence as to whether the different categories of prevention are related to outcomes or processes of prevention in ways that suggest the value of the taxonomy for understanding and increasing the impact of prevention science.

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