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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions; 2014;1(2):95-112
İyileşme/Uyuşturucudan Kurtulma Sermayesi, Bağımlılık Kuramı ve Uyuşturucudan Kurtulma Topluluklarının Gelişimi
R Yates
University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
Bağımlılığı biyolojik/fizyolojik, psikolojik, sosyokültürel ve sosyoekonomik unsurlar içeren karmaşık bir rahatsızlık olarak ele almak, tedaviye yönelik müdahaleler açısından iyi bir temel oluşturmaktadır. Uyuş- turucudan kurtulma artık sürekli bir teşvik ve destek bağlamında tüm bu unsurların yeniden düzenlendiği bir rahatsızlık olarak görülmeye başlanmış; kısa, zaman sınırlı müdahaleler tedavi olarak adlandırılmamaya başlanmıştır. İlaç tedavisi talep eden kişiler titizlikle incelenmiş ve bu kişilerin tedaviye kadar, tedavi boyunca ve tedavi sonrasında yaşadıkları hakkında oldukça ayrıntılı bilgiler toplanmıştır. Ancak tedavi talep etmeyen kişiler hakkındaki bilgiler yeterli değildir ve bu kişilerin uzun vadeli iyileşme/kurtulma deneyimleri hakkında neredeyse hiçbir şey bilinmemektedir. Bildiğimiz tek şey en ciddi bağımlılıktan bile “doğal” yöntemlerle iyileşmenin yaygın, hatta belki de sıradan olduğudur. Avrupa’da, doğal iyileşme deneyimlerinin çoğunluğu resmî tedavi kurumlarının dışında hatta tedavi sağlayıcıların tavsiyeleri hiçe sayılarak gerçekleştiği görünmektedir. Doğal iyileşme sürecini ve bu sürecin ögelerini anlamak, uzun vadede bunu sürdürmek tedavi müdahalelerin en kritik yönlerini ve özellikle de tedavi sonrası süreçleri belirlemeye yardımcı olacaktır. Bu makalede uyuşturucudan kurtulma eylemlerinin tarihçesi, kabul edilmiş bağımlılık teorilerinin etkileri incelenmekte ve bağımlılığın nesiller arası aktarımını sınırlamak amacıyla iyileşme/uyuşturucudan kurtulma toplulukları oluşturmanın gerekliliği savunulmaktadır.
Recovery Capital, Addiction Theory,and the Development of Recovery Communities
An understanding of addiction as a complex disorder involving biological/physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and socioeconomic elements is well established as a foundation for good practice in treatment interventions. More recently, we have begun to view recovery from this disorder as being reliant upon a realignment of all these elements within the context of a sustained structure of encouragement and support rather than as an illness that will respond to a short, time-limited intervention such as treatment. Drug treatment-seeking populations have been rigorously researched, and we know much about their journey toward and through treatment and even into post treatment. However, nontreatment-seeking populations are far less well known, and we know almost nothing about their experiences of long-term recovery. What is known is that “natural” recovery from even the most serious episodes of addiction is widespread, perhaps even commonplace. In Europe, the majority of these natural recovery episodes appear to take place outside formal treatment and even in defiance of the injunctions and advice of treatment providers. Understanding this process of natural remission and the structures or elements that both make remission possible and sustain it over the long term will help to identify the most critical aspects of treatment interventions in general and after-care processes in particular. This chapter reviews the history of recovery movements, the implications of the accepted theories of addiction, and argues for the need to create communities of recovery in order to limit the intergenerational transmission of addiction.

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