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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2005;7(1):38-43
Şizo - Obsesif Bozukluk: Tanı, Sınıflandırma ve Tedavi
EY Demir, S Aslan
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Şizo - Obsesif Bozukluk: Tanı, Sınıflandırma ve Tedavi
Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğun (OKB) tanım sınırları yıllardır önemli bir klinik tartışma konusu olagelmiştir. Uzun zamandan beri OKB' nin psikotik özellikleri fark edilmiş olmasına rağmen modern sınıflandırma sistemlerinde OKB bir anksiyete bozukluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte DSM IV-TR sınıflandırmasında OKB'nin zayıf içgörü olan türü olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu tanımda kullanılan zayıf içgörü ile ilgili ise herhangi bir nesnel ölçüt tanımlanmamıştır. Zayıf içgörülü OKB bir alttip mi, yoksa ayrı bir bozukluk mudur? Şizofreni ve OKB eştanısı bir arada olduğunda ayrı tür bir bozukluk mu yoksa bir "co-insidans"tan mı söz etmelidir. Ayrı bir tür bozukluk ise tanı ölçütlerinin ve tedavi yaklaşımının nasıl olması gerektiği halen belirsizdir.
Bu yazıda "obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizo-obsessive, antipsychotic treatment" anahtar sözcükleri kullanılarak medline taranmış ve elde edilen araştırma ve gözden geçirme yazılarına ulaşılarak incelenmiş, araştırmaların sonucunda elde edilen bulgular tartışılmıştır. Şizo obsesif bozukluk tanı, epidemiyoloji, tedavi ve atipik antipsikotiklerin tetiklediği obsesif kompulsif belirtiler ile ilgili kaynaklar alt başlıklar halinde incelenmiştir.
Şizo-obsesif hastaların tanı ve tedavisinde henüz yeterli kontrollü çalışmalar yapılmamıştır. Var olan yayınlarda cevaplar yerine sorular ön plana çıkmaktadır. Tanı için en önemli ölçüt olarak gösterilen içgörünün derecesinin objektif değerlendirilebilmesi için üzerinde görüş birliğine varılabilmiş herhangi objektif bir değerlendirme aracı mevcut değildir. Ayrıca bu yeni alt grubun yerinin psikoza mı yoksa OKB' ye mi ait olduğu henüz kararlaştırılamamıştır. Tanı aşamasındaki zorluklar tedavi aşamasında da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tedavi açısından da belirli bir rehber oluşturulamamıştır. Bu alanda daha geniş hasta grupları üzerinde çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Schizo-Obsessive Disorder: Diagnosis, Classification and Treatment
The borders of obsessive - compulsive disorder ( OCD ) has not yet been clearly defined and still is a problem for clinicians. Despite the psychotic nature of OCD have been noticed for a long time, even in the most modern classification systems the OCD is referred as an anxiety disorder. However in DSM-IV poor insight in OCD has been mentioned but there has been no objective description for what degree of insight should be accepted as poor. The question that has to be answered is if OCD with poor insight is a subtype of OCD or shall be considered as a totally different disorder. Furthermore, diagnostic criteria and treatment of schizo-obsessions and whether the patients who have schizophrenia and OCD comorbidity should be considered as schizo-obsessive disorder are still under discussion.
In this article, the medline is searched using the key words "obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizo-obssesive, poor insight, antipsychotic treatment" and the data obtained is discussed and reviewed under headlines schizo-obsessive disorder diagnosis, epidemiyolgy, treatment and antipsychotic induced obsessions.
There are still no sufficient and controlled studies about diosnosis and treatment of schizo-obsession. The existing studies come up with more questions rather than answers. An objective test that would measure the degree of insight, which is said to be the most important diasnostic criteria, has not been described yet. Furthermore, there is no concensus about if these patients should be considered as psychotic or as a sub-type of OCD. The problems faced during diognosis are also seen in treatment. A treatment guide has not been formed yet. This subject also requires more controlled studies with large patient populations.

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