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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 32>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2013;16(32):20-49
Ergenlerde Sanal Zorbalık: Nedenler, Duygular ve Baş Etme Yollarının Niteliksel Analizi
NT İnselöz, Z Uçanok
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Araştırmanın temel amacı ergenlerin sanal zorbalığın nedenlerine ilişkin düşünceleri, bu duruma verdikleri duygusal tepkiler ve baş etmeye yönelik çözüm önerilerini niteliksel yöntemle incelemektir. Araştırma ilköğretim ikinci kademe ve liseye devam eden 2658 (%47.9 erkek, %52.1 kız) ergenle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ergenlere Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Sanal Zorbalık Ölçeği uygulanmış; ayrıca sanal zorbalığın nedenleri, duygusal tepkiler ve baş etme yollarıyla ilgili üç açık uçlu soru yöneltilmiştir. Açık uçlu sorulara verilen yanıtlar MAXQDA 10 (niteliksel veri analizi programı) ile incelenmiş; nedenler, duygusal tepkiler ve baş etme yöntemlerine ilişkin üç ayrı model oluşturulmuştur. Nedenlere ilişkin algılar (1) zorbaya bağlı nedenler, (2) kurbana bağlı nedenler, (3) zorba-kurban ilişkisi, (4) internete bağlı nedenler, (5) kız-erkek ilişkisi ve (6) belirgin bir nedenin olmaması olmak üzere altı kategoride toplanmıştır. Ergenlerin neredeyse yarısı sanal ortamda sergilenen zorbalık davranışlarının zorba kişilerden kaynaklandığını düşünmektedir. Ergenlerin sanal zorbalığa verdikleri duygusal tepkiler (1) negatif, (2) pozitif, (3) nötr duygular, (4) davranışsal tepkiler ve (5) belirgin bir duygunun olmaması şeklinde beş kategoriye kodlanmıştır. Duygusal tepkiler açısından örneklemin yarıya yakını negatif duygular bildirmiş ve beşte biri üzüntüyle ilişkili duygular dile getirmiştir. Ergenlerin baş etmeye ilişkin yanıtları (1) yapıcı yöntemler, (2) yapıcı olmayan yöntemler, (3) kendisinin dahil olmadığı çözümler, (4) engellemeye gerek yok, (5) çözümü yok-durdurulamaz ve (6) belirgin bir çözüm yolu olmaması şeklinde altı kategoride toplanmıştır. Ergenlerin yaklaşık üçte biri yüzleşme ve uzaklaşmayı içeren yapıcı yöntemleri tercih etmişlerdir
Cyberbullying in Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis of Causes, Emotions, and Coping Strategies 
The main purpose of the study is to investigate the associations among the causal explanations, emotional reactions and coping strategies for cyberbullying in early and middle adolescence by qualitative method. A total of 2658 (47.9% male, 52.1% female) secondary school and high school students were included in the sample. Adolescents completed a self-report questionnaire including demographic information and their experiences for being victim and bully in cyber space (Cyberbullying Inventory). In addition, three open-ended questions were asked for causal explanations, emotional reactions and coping strategies. Adolescents’ responses to these questions were examined and three models were formed by MAXQDA 10 (qualitative data analysis software). First of all, six categories were obtained for causes: (1) bully-related, (2) victim-related reasons, (3) bully-victim relationship, (4) cyberspace-related reasons, (5) gender relationships and (6) no specific reason. As a substantial result, bully-related reasons (45.15%) were found much more frequent than victim-related reasons (1.32%). Secondly, five categories were obtained for emotions: (1) negative, (2) positive, and (3) neutral emotions, (4) behavioural responses, and (5) no specific emotion. The results revealed that almost half of the sample reported negative impacts and one fifth of them reported the emotions related to sadness (e.g., upset, unhappy, disappointed). Finally, six categories obtained for coping strategies were: (1) constructive and (2) nonconstructive strategies, (3) general suggestions, (4) unnecessary to stop, (5) couldn’t do anything, and (6) no specific solution. As a result, one-third of the sample have chosen the constructive strategies including confrontation and distancing.

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