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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2013;14(2):152-160
İstanbul devlet liselerinde suç ve şiddet yaygınlığı: Okul türlerinin karşılaştırılması
A Ünlü, U Evcin, HB Yılmaz, A Dalkılıç
Rowan University, USA
Amaç: Literatür incelendiğinde okul yapısının, okullardaki sosyokültürel koşulların ve okul içindeki sosyal ağların gençlerin davranışları ile suç ve şiddete yönelmeleri üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada İstanbul’daki lise öğrencileri arasında farklı suç ve şiddet davranışlarına yönelmede okul türlerine göre farklılık olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma 2010 yılında İstanbul’un 28 ilçesindeki 154 devlet lisesinde okuyan 31.272 öğrenciden anket aracılığı ile toplanan bilgilere dayanarak yapılmıştır. Okullar düz, meslek ve Anadolu lisesi olarak üç kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Okul ve sınıflar tabakalı rastlantısal katmanlı rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Örneklem İstanbul’daki bütün lise öğrencilerinin yaklaşık %20’sini içermektedir. Araştırma kapsamında kullanılan anket; ülkemizde de çeşitli çalışmalarda kullanılan Alkol ve Diğer Uyuşturucu Kullanımına Yönelik Avrupa Okul (ESPAD) ve Avrupa Gençlik Anketleri’nden (YIE) hazırlanmıştır. Anketler eğitilmiş rehber öğretmenler tarafından uygulanmış ve gizlilik isimsiz optik formlarla sağlanmıştır. Verilerin analizleri SPSS 16 programıyla yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Lise türleri arasındaki suç ve şiddet sıklığı farklı bulunmuş ve suç, şiddet ve madde bağımlılığı sıklığı sıralaması meslek, düz ve Anadolu liseleri şeklinde oluşmuştur. Anadolu Lisesi öğrencileri arkadaşlarının suç ve şiddete karışma oranlarını meslek ve düz lise öğrencilerinden daha yüksek olarak bildirmiştir. Şiddet okul türünden bağımsız olarak suçtan daha yaygın olarak gözlenmiştir. Öğrenciler şiddeti başkaları üzerinde uygulamayı şiddet mağduru olmaktan daha sık belirtmişlerdir. Sonuçlar: Sonuçlarımız meslek liselerinin suç ve şiddet açısından diğer liselerden daha riskli olduğunu göstermektedir. Okul yapısı ve kaynakları ile öğrencilerin sosyoekonomik durumları bu bulgularla bağlantılı olabilir. Lise öğrencilerinin suç ve şiddete değişik değerler yükleme olasılıkları şiddetin suçtan daha yüksek oranda görülmesini açıklayabilir. Okul düzenlemeleri geliştirilirken bu araştırmanın bulgularının da göz önüne alınması faydalı olabilir.
The prevalence of crime and violence in Istanbul public high schools: comparison of school types
Objective: The literature suggests school structures and socio-cultural environment and the networks within schools play important role in crime and violence among youth. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and variation of crime and violence across public high school (HS) types in Istanbul. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May-June, 2010 in Istanbul public HS. The schools and classrooms within schools were selected by stratified random sampling, which recruited approximately 20% of HS population. The survey instrument included questions from European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) and Youth in Europe Survey (YIE). Turkish translations of both were previously used in research. Trained counselors conducted the surveys and confidentiality was assured by anonymous optic forms. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: Crime and violence rates were higher in occupational HS, followed by regular and Anatolian HS. However Anatolian HS students reported that more of their friends were involved in crime and violence than that of regular and occupational HS. Regardless of school type violence was more prevalent than crime and students reported use of violence on others more frequently than being a victim of violence. Conclusions: Based on our results crime and violence rates were higher among occupational HS students than regular and Anatolian HS students. This might be related to school structure and resources and socioeconomic status of students. Possibility of attributing different values to crime and violence might explain higher violence rates than crime rates. Considering the findings of this study while developing school policies might be beneficial

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