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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Journal of Mood Disorders; 2012;2(2):51-57
İki uçlu bozuklukta metabolik sendrom yaygınlığının mevsimsel değişimi
K Altınbaş, AE Darçın, S Gülöksüz, TE Oral
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç:
İki uçlu bozukluk hastalarında metabolik bozukluklar ve metabolik sendrom tanısının genel populasyona göre daha sık görüldüğü bildirilmektedir. İki uçlu bozuklukta metabolik sendromun genel popülasyona göre daha sık görülmesinin altında yatan biyolojik yolak halen bilinmemektedir. İkinci kuşak antipsikotiklerin kilo alımı ve insulin direncine yol açan yan etkisi en önemli etkenlerden biri olarak göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Öte yandan, bu bilgi iki uçlu bozukluk ile metabolik sendrom arasındaki ilişkiyi tam olarak anlamak için yeterli değildir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki uçlu tip 1 bozuklukta görülen metabolik sendrom ölçütleri ile metabolik sendrom tanısı yaygınlığının mevsimsel değişiminin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem:
Bu amaçla, çalışmaya klinik olarak remisyon halinde olan ve çalışmaya alınma ölçütlerini karşılayan 69 iki uçlu tip 1 bozukluk hastası dahil edilmiştir, Çalışmada metabolik sendrom tanısı Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu (IDF) tarafından belirlenen tanımlamaya uygun olarak konulmuştur. Hastaların vizitlerde ötimik olduklarına ilişkin değerlendirme, klinik görüşme sırasında uygulanan Young Mani Derecelendirme Ölçeği ve 17 maddeli Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği ile yapılmıştır. Hastalar bir yıl boyunca her mevsimde bir kez olmak üzere dört ayrı vizitte değerlendirmiştir. Metabolik sendrom ölçütlerinin araştırılması amacı ile kan örneklemesi, kan basıncı ve bel çevresi ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Her dört vizite katılan ve bu vizitlerin her birinde çalışmaya alınma ve dışlama ölçütlerini karşılayan 49 hastanın verisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu veriler kullanılarak metabolik sendrom ölçütlerinin ve metabolik sendrom tanısının yaygınlıklarının mevsimsel değişimleri incelenmiştir.


Bulgular:
Çalışmaya katılan iki uçlu tip 1 bozukluk hastaları arasında metabolik sendrom tanısının yaygınlığı kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar olmak üzere sırasıyla 42.9%, 42.9%, 34.7% ve 34.7% idi. Metabolik sendrom tanısı alanların oranı ilkbahar ve kış aylarında sonbahar ve yaz aylarında bu tanıyı alanlara göre daha yüksek olmasına karşın bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Metabolik sendrom ölçütlerinden düşük HDL ölçütünün yaygınlığı ilkbahar aylarında en düşük seviyede olmak üzere mevsimsel değişim göstermekteydi.

Tartışma:
Çalışmamızın sonuçları iki uçlu tip 1 bozukluk hastalarında metabolik sendrom tanısının yaygınlığının mevsimsel değişim gösterdiğini desteklememesine karşın metabolik sendrom tanısı ölçütlerinden biri olan düşük HDL ölçütünün yaygınlığının mevsimsel değişim gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Halen geniş izlem çalışmaları ile iki uçlu bozuklukta metabolik sendrom ölçütlerinin ve metabolik sendrom tanısının yaygınlığının mevsimsel değişiminin incelenmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Şizofreni ve iki uçlu bozukluk gibi ciddi ruhsal hastalığı olan bireylerde genel popülasyona göre daha yaygın olan metabolik sendrom, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, yüksek mortalite ve morbidite oranlarıyla ilişkisi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Klinisyenler, metabolik bozuklukların da mevsimsel değişim gösterebileceği anahtar bilgisi ile iki uçlu bozukluğu olan hastalarda duygu durum değişimleri kadar mevsimsel metabolik değişimleri de izlemelidirler.
Seasonal variation of metabolic syndrome prevalence in bipolar disorder
Objective:
Metabolic disturbances and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are more prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder than in general population. The underlying biological pathway regarding this high rate of metabolic syndrome compared to general population in bipolar disorder is still unknown. The side effect of second generation antipsychotics causing weight gain and insulin resistance is considered as one of the main factors. However, this knowledge is not sufficient to understand the association between bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome entirely. The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal variation in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome criteria and diagnosis in type 1 bipolar disorder.
Methods:
For this aim, 69 clinically remitted patients with type 1 bipolar disorder, who also met inclusion criteria for the study, were recruited. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale with 17 items were used in clinical interview in each visit to assess euthymia. All patients were followed up with four visits during one [year], with one visit per each season. To investigate metabolic syndrome criteria, blood sampling, blood pressure and waist circumferences measures have been carried out. The data of 49 patients, who have been evaluated in all four visits and met inclusion- exclusion criteria in each visit, were analyzed. These data were used in investigation of the seasonal variation in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome criteria and metabolic syndrome diagnosis.
Results:
Of type 1 bipolar patients recruited to the study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome diagnosis was 42.9%, 42.9%, 34.7% and 34.7% in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Although metabolic syndrome diagnosis was more prevalent in winter and in spring, the difference was not statistically significant. Of metabolic syndrome criteria, prevalence of low- HDL criterion, that was found lowest in spring, showed seasonal variation.
Discussion:
Although the results of this study do not support that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome diagnosis has a seasonal variation in type 1 bipolar patients, it shows that the prevalence of one of the metabolic syndrome criteria, low-HDL criterion, has seasonal variation among patients with bipolar disorder. Long term, large sample-sized follow-up studies are still required to investigate the seasonal variation in prevalence of metabolic syndrome criteria and metabolic syndrome diagnosis among patients with bipolar disorder. Metabolic syndrome, which is more prevalent in individuals with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than in general population, is an important health issue considering its association with cardiovascular diseases, high mortality and morbidity rates. Clinicians should follow up metabolic changes as well as the mood changes among patients with bipolar disorder with a key information about possible seasonal variation of metabolic disturbance

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