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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2011;24(3):167-174
Şizofreni hastalarında ilk atakta P300 bulguları ile nörolojik silik işaretler arasındaki ilişki
N Lapsekili, Ö Uzun, L Sütçigil, M Ak, M Yücel
Çorlu Asker Hastanesi Psikiyatri Kliniği, Tekirdağ
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, şizofreni hastalarında nörolojik silik işaretler ile P300 değerlerinin arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya, DSM-IV'e göre ilk atak şizofreni tanı ölçütlerini karşılayan, hastalığı en az 6 ay sürmüş olan 22 olgu ve kontrol grubu olarak 22 sağlıklı birey dahil edilmiştir. Olgulara, uyarılmış potansiyellerin P300 komponentini araştırmak için nörofizyolojik ölçümler ve nörolojik silik işaretleri saptamak için Nörolojik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (NES) uygulanmıştır. Şizofreni grubunun klinik özellikleri için Negatif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SANS) ve Pozitif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SAPS) uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucunda, ilk atak şizofreni grubunun, sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre NES toplam ve alt ölçek puanlarının daha yüksek, P300 amplitüdünün daha düşük ve P300 latansının daha uzun olduğu bulunmuştur. Sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre, anlamlı farklılığın en fazla olduğu NES alt ölçekleri, Karmaşık Motor Eylemler Dizisi (KMED) ve toplam puan olarak saptanmıştır. İlk atak şizofreni olgularında P300 amplitüd farklılığının daha anlamlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Hasta grubunda, NES puanları ve P300 değerlerinin klinik değişkenlerle ilişkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Sonuçlar, bu biyolojik belirteçlerle ilgili bozukluğun hastalığın başlangıcında da bulunduğuna ve klinik değişkenlerden etkilenmediğine işaret etmektedir. Yine bu sonuçlar, P300 ve NES değerlendirme ölçeğiyle gösterilen bozuklukların durumsal değil, yatkınlaştırıcı/yapısal özellikler olabileceği şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Ayrıca nörolojik silik işaretlerle ilgili olarak ise, daha çok karmaşık motor eylemlerin sıraya konulmasında problem olduğu ve bunun P300 amplitüdü ile ilişkisinin anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durum, prefrontal bölge patolojilerine işaret ettiği değerlendirilen KMED alt ölçeğindeki yüksek puanların, daha çok dikkat alanındaki problemlerle açıklanabileceğine işaret etmektedir.
Relationship between P300 findings and neurological soft signs in patients with first episode schizophrenia
Objective: In this study, the relationship between neurological soft signs and P300 components was explored in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: 22 first-episode schizophrenia patients who were evaluated according to DSM-IV criteria and whose disease lasted at least six [month]s, and a group of 22 healthy controls were included in this study. In both groups, neurophysiological measurements were performed to investigate the P300 potentials and Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) was applied to detect neurological soft signs. Scale for the Assessment of the Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Scale for the Assessment of the Positive Symptoms (SAPS) were applied only to the schizophrenia group.

Results: Results revealed that first episode schizophrenia group had higher NES total and subscale scores, lower P300 amplitude and longer P300 latency compared to healthy controls. NES scores with the highest significant difference from healthy controls were Total NES and NES motor sequencing subscale. When the first-episode schizophrenia group is compared with the control group by the P300 components, difference of P300 amplitude was more significant than difference of P300 latency. It was also found that NES scores and P300 values were not correlated with clinical variables in the patient group.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that pathology of these biological markers was found at the beginning of the disease and was not effected by clinical variables. This result can be interpreted as the pathologies exhibited with NES and P300 measurements could not be state but trait characteristics. Within soft neurological signs the most pathological results were obtained from motor sequencing subscale and its relationship with P300 amplitude was statistically significant. These findings indicate that the high scores of motor sequencing subscale which is thought to be sign of prefrontal pathology can be better explained with problems about attention.

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