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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2010;3(3):30-36
Alkolün Biyolojik Etkileri, Farmakolojisi, Emilimi, Dağılımı, Metabolizması ve Organ Sistemleri Üzerine Etkileri
A Türkcan
Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul
Alkol (etanol) ve asetaldehid metabolizmasındaki ana enzimler alkol dehidrogenaz ve aldehid dehidrogenazdır. Alkol dehidrogenaz alkolü asetaldehide dönüştürür. CYP2E1 ve katalaz da alkolü asetaldehide yıkar. Asetaldehid sonra asetik asite dönüşür sonra da karbondioksit, su ve yağlı asitlere metabolize olur. Pekçok değişken alkolün emilim ve metabolizmasını etkileyebilir. Alkolün metabolik etkilerinden bir kısmı, doğrudan aşırı NADH ve asetaldehid üretimine bağlıdır. Alkolün yıkımından sorumlu ana organ olarak karaciğer alkolün metabolizmasının etkilerine özelikle duyarlıdır. Genellikle kabul edilen alkolün özgül olmayan farmakolojik bir ajan olduğu görüşüne rağmen, yakın zamandaki moleküler farmakoloji çalışmaları alkolün sadece bazı bilinen hedefleri olduğunu gösterdi. Bunlar, NMDA, GABAA, glisin, serotonin, nikotinik ACh reseptörleri ve L-tipi kalsiyum kanallarıdır.
The Biological Effects, Pharmacology, Absorbtion, Distribution, Metabolism of Alcohol and Its Effects on Organ Systems
The main enzymes involved in alcohol (ethanol) and asetaldehyde metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde. CYP2E1 and catalase also break down alcohol to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is then converted to acetic acid and then metabolizes to carbon dioxide, water, and fatty acids. Many variables can affect the absorbtion and metabolism of alcohol. A number of metabolic effects from alcohol are directly linked to the production of an excess of both NADH and acetaldehyde. As the main organ responsible for the breakdown of alcohol, the liver is particularly vulnerable to alcohol metabolism’s effects. Despite the generally held view that alcohol is an unspecific pharmacological agent, recent molecular pharmacology studies demonstrated that alcohol has only a few known primary targets. These are the NMDA, GABAA, glycine, serotonin, nicotinic ACh receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels.

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