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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 48; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2010;48(3):191-197
Tipik ve Atipik Antipsikotiklerin Serum Lipid ve Karaciğer Enzim Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
M Kuloğlu, Y Albayrak, O Ekinci, S Önen, A Çayköylü
Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, ELAZI?
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, psikiyatri hastalarında tipik ve atipik antipsikotik ilâçlarla ilişkili serum lipid ve karaciğer enzim düzeylerindeki değişiklikleri karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada Ankara Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastânesi Psikiyatri Kliniği'nde Ocak 2008 - Ocak 2009 yılları arasında yatırılarak tedavi edilmiş şizofreni tanılı hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Tedavi öncesinde ve tedavinin birinci ayında serum lipid (LDL, HDL, total kolesterol ve trigliserit) ve ALT, AST, GGT ve LDH düzeyleri ölçülmüş olan, en az bir haftadır (depo/uzun etkili antipsikotik alanlarda bir aydır) ilâç kullanmamış olan 98 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Bulgular: Seçilen antipsikotik ilâçlara göre gruplar olanzapin (n=34), risperidon (n=15), ketiapin (n=15), aripiprazol (n=12) ve tipik antipsikotikler (n=22) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada tipik ve atipik antipsikotik kullanan hastaların tedavi öncesi ve sonrası serum HDL, LDL kolesterol ile AST, GGT ve LDH enzim düzeyleri açısından gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamı ştır. Bununla birlikte sâdece olanzapin kullanan hasta grubunda birinci ayın sonunda ALT düzeylerinde anlamlı bir yükselme olduğu bulunmuştur. Tedavi sonrasında tipik antipsikotikler ve olanzapin grubunda total kolesterol, trigliserit düzeylerinde artma bulunurken, diğer antipsikotik grupları nda anlamlı bir farklılık tesbit edilmemiştir. Tüm antipsikotik gruplarında tedavi sonrasında anlamlı düzeyde kilo artışı olmakla birlikte, bu artış en çok olanzapin kullanan hastalarda gözlenmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: fiizofrenik hastalar normâl popülasyona göre daha çok kardiyovasküler risk etkenine sâhiptir. Bundan dolayı, ilâç seçimi yapılırken dislipidemisi ve obezitesi olan şizofreni hastaları nda dikkatli olunması gereklidir. Bulgularımız kısa süreli tedavilerde bir atipik antipsikotik olan olanzapin'i n asemptomatik olarak karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinde anormâllik yapabileceğini, ancak nâdiren ciddi yüksekliğe neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle antipsikotik kullanan hastalarda karaciğer enzim düzeylerinin belli aralıklarla değerlendirilmesi de önemli gibi görünmektedir.
Comparing the Effects of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics on Serum Lipid and Liver Enzyme Levels
Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to compare the alterations of serum lipid levels and hepatic enzymes associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in psychiatric patients. Method: Chart reviews of inpatients followed-up at Psychiatry Department of Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009 were examined in detail. Ninety eight (44 male and 54 female) patients whose baseline and follow-up lipid profiles (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol) and liver function tests including ALT, AST, GGT and LDH that were measured before and after the treatment period of one [month] and who had not used any drug less than one week (or not administrated depot antipsychotics less than one [month]) were enrolled to the study. Findings: The repartition according to treatment is as follows: olanzapine (n=34), risperidone (n=15), and quetiapine (n=15), aripiprazole (n=12) and typical antipsychotics (n=22). There is no significant increase in AST, GGT and LDH enzyme levels between the typical and atypical antipsychotics at the end of the first [month] of study. It was also observed, there is a significant increase of ALT level in the group of olanzapine. While there was a significant increasing in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in typical antipsychotic and olanzapine groups after treatment, it was revealed no significant difference in other antipsychotic groups. Although significant weight gain was detected after treatment in all antipsychotic groups, it was found most in olanzapine taking group. Discussion and Conclusion: Schizophrenic patients have more cardiovascular risk factor compared with normal population. Therefore, it is required to be careful when choosing an antipsychotic in the schizophrenic patients with dyslipidemia and obesity. Also, our findings suggest that olanzapine in short-term treatment may lead to evidence of asymptomatic liver function test abnormalities, however, it rarely may cause marked liver function test abnormalities at therapeutic doses. Therefore, evaluating the liver enzymes in patients who use antipsychotics in regular intervals seems to be important.

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