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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Kriz Dergisi; 2009;17(1):1-11
Psikolojik Dayanıklılığı Nasıl Ölçebiliriz? Bir Türk Örnekleminde Kişisel Görüş Ölçeği-II'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
İ Motan, F Gençöz
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniv. Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara
Amaç: Literatürde, psikolojik ve fiziksel sağlığı stresin olumsuz etkilerine karşı korumasıyla bilinen "Psikolojik Dayanıklılık/Hardiness" kişilik özelliği, ülkemizde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı bulunmadığından çalışılamamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, "Psikolojik Dayanıklılık" özelliğini ölçen, 50 madde ve üç alt ölçekten (Kontrolü elinde tutma, Yükümlülük, Mücadelecilik) oluşan, "Kişisel Görüş Ölçeği-ll"nin (Personal View Survey-ll; Maddi,1987, -Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği olarak isimlendirilecektir-) Türkçe uyarlaması için, üniversite örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirliğini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 100 üniversite öğrencisine, psikolojik dayanıklılık kişilik özelliğini ölçen "Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği"nin (PDÖ) yanı sıra, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) ve Başa Çıkma Yolları Ölçeği (BÇYÖ) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: PDÖ için yapılan faktör analizinde, iç tutarlığı yüksek 2 boyut elde edilmiştir. Bu boyutlar özgün kavramlarla paralel biçimde, "Yükümlülük" ve "Mücadelecilik" olarak isimlendirilmişlerdir. Orijinal ölçekte bağımsız bir faktör olan "Kontrolü elinde tutma" boyutu maddelerinin diğer iki boyuta yüklendiği görülmektedir. Bu durumda alt ölçeklerden "Yükümlülük/kontrol" ve "Mücadelecilik/ kontrol" şeklinde bahsedilecektir. Ölçek, orijinaline paralel biçimde ters puanlanan maddeler içermektedir ve ölçekten alınan puanlar arttıkça psikolojik dayanıklılık azalmaktadır. Alt-ölçeklerin iç tutarlık katsayıları Yükümlülük/kontrol boyutu için .77, Mücadelecilik/kontrol boyutu için .72 olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ölçek BUÖ, BÇYÖ ölçümleri ile beklenen yönde anlamlı korelasyonlar vermiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, psikolojik dayanıklılık özelliğinin çok boyutlu bir kavram olduğu desteklenmiştir. Ancak boyutların orijinal ölçekle birebir elde edilememesi, literatür ile tutarlı olarak psikolojik dayanıklılık özelliği yapısının kültüre özgü olarak sorgulanması yönünde önemli bir önbulgu olmuştur. Tüm bu bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
How Can We Measure Psychological Hardiness? Personal View Survey II: Reliability and Validity Study in a Turkish Sample
Objective: The aim of the current study is to study reliability and validity of Turkish Adaptation of Personal View Survey-ll (PVS-II; Maddi 1987) which is used for measuring hardiness personality characteristic, having three sub-scales (Control, Commitment, Challenge) and 50 items. Method: For this study, 100 university students were administered four self-report measures including PVS-II, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Turkish Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI). Results: Following the factor analysis run for the PVS-II, two factors, namely "Commitment/Control" and "Challenge/Control" were obtained with high internal consistency coefficients. Consistent with the original scale, it includes reverse items and the higher the scores are, the lower the hardiness personality characteristic exists. Internal consistencies of the two factors were obtained as .77 for the Commitment/Control factor and .72 for the Challenge/Loss of Control factor. Moreover, the survey revealed significant correlations with the measures of BHS and WCI. Conclusion: Although the items of the original Control factor, distributed between other two factors, this result supports the multidimensional nature of hardiness construct. On the other hand, the differences from the original scale have been significant preliminary findings for culture-specific structure of psychological hardiness characteristic to be questioned. All these findings are discussed in the light of literature knowledge.

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