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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;20(2):138-143
Almanya'da Yaşıyan Genç Türk Hastalarda Kültürel Uyum, İki Kültürlülük ve Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar
V Gül, S Kolb
71686 Remseck, Almanya
Amaç: Mevcut çalışmanın amacı Almanya'da yaşayan genç Türkler'in kültürel uyum sürecindeki bireysel özsaygı ve kolektif özsaygılarını, Berry'nin (2003) kültürlenme kavramını kullanarak incelemektir. Buna ek olarak, etnik kimliğin daha iyi ruh sağlığı ile ilişkisinin araştırılması da amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Ulusal sağlık sistemide görevli Uzman Psikiyatri Hekimliğine başvuran, Türk kökenli ardışık psikiyatri hastaları 5 maddelik, Latin Amerika Onaylanmış Kültürlenme Ölçeği'nden uyarlanan kültürel uyum ölçeği kullanılarak taranmıştır. Görüşme yapılan hastalar ayrıca ICD-10 ölçütlerine göre de herhangi bir psikiyatrik hastalık için değerlendirilmişlerdir.

Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya katılan 220 kişiye uygulanan Kültürlenme Ölçeği sonuçlarına göre, 154 (%70) hasta (88 erkek [%57.14], ortalama yaş: 22.1 ± 3.26 yaş ve 66 kadın [%42.85], ortalama yaş: 21.73 ± 1.19 yaş) göreceli olarak iyi uyum sağlamış (grup 1); 66 hasta ise (%30) (44 erkek [%66.6], ortalama yaş: 26.3 ± 3.39 yaş ve 22 kadın [%33.3], ortalama yaş: 25.88 ± 3.41 yaş) ev sahibi topluma göreceli olarak zayıf uyum sağlamıştır (grup 2). Bu iki grupta psikiyatrik komorbidite iki farklı yapıyı ortaya koymuştur (P < 0.001). Grup 1'de aile çatışmalarının neden olduğu endojen depresyon ve depresyona anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla rastlanmıştır. Buna karşılık Grup 2'de, psiko-sosyal uyumsuzluğun tetiklediği depresyon açık bir şekilde daha yaygındır. İyi bir uyumu öngören faktörler olarak iki dillilik, iki kültürlü kimlik ve Almanya'da doğmuş olmak belirlenmiş; diğer yandan zayıf uyum ile etkin kültürün baskınlığı, Türk dili ve Türkiye'de doğmuş olmak ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Mevcut çalışma, Türk gençlerinde ruhsal bozukluklar ve kültürel uyum arasındaki ilişki de çeşitli alanlarının değerlendirilmesi yoluyla iki kültürlü kimlik ile ilgili sağlam bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Bunlar; çoğunlukla konuşulan dil, düşünce dili, etnik kimlik, doğum yeri ve ev sahibi topluluğa uyum düzeyi. Kültürel kimlik, göçmenler arasındaki ev sahibi topluma uyum süreci değerlendirilmesinde, ruh sağlığının anahtar belirleyicilerinden biridir. Ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan profesyonellerin kültürden kaynaklanan rolleri, bağlamı ve terapötik sonuçları anlamaları son derece önemlidir.
Acculturation, Bicultural Identity and Psychiatric Morbidity in Young Turkish Patients in Germany
Objective: This study was designed to examine, with the use of Berry's acculturation concept (2003), personal self-esteem and collective esteem in the acculturation of young Turks in Germany. Further, it was aimed to examine whether ethnic identity is linked to better mental health.

Method: Consecutive psychiatric primary care patients with Turkish background were screened with the 5-item Acculturation Questionnaire, adopted from the Latin American Validated Acculturation Scale. The interviewed patients were also assessed for psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10.

Results: By using the acculturation questionnaire among 220 patients included to this study, 154 (70%) patients, (88 male- 57,14%, mean age:22,1 sd. ± 3,26 and 66 female- 42,85%, mean age: 21,73 sd. ± 1,19) were found to be relatively good adjusted (group 1), and of 66 (30%) patients (44 male- 66,6%, mean age:26,3 sd. ±3,39 and 22 female- 33,3%, mean age:25,88 sd. ± 3,41) were found to be relatively poor adjusted (group 2) to the host community. The psychiatric co-morbidity showed in these two groups two distinct patterns (p< 0.001). Endogenous depression and the depression caused by the conflicts in the family-milieu are significantly more common in the group I. Unlike, the depression triggered by the psycho-social maladjustment is clearly more prevalent in the group II. The predictors of good adaptation were shown to be: bilingualism, bicultural identity and Germany as country of birth, whereas poor adaptation was related to: dominance of ethnic culture and [language], and being born outside of Germany.

Conclusion: The research presented provides firm evidence for a bicultural identity through assessments of several domains of acculturation: [language] spoken most of the time, [language] thought, ethnic identity, birthplace and the degree of adjustment to the host community. Cultural identity is one of the key determinants of mental health in evaluating adaptation to the host culture among immigrants. It is vital for the mental health professionals to understand the roles, context, and therapeutic consequences that originate from culture.

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