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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2008;10(3):116-122
Depresyon ve Tiroid Hormon İlişkisi
SS Eker, A Sarandöl, C Akkaya, S Kırlı
Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Depresyon ve hipotalamo-pitüiter-tiroid ekseni arasındaki bilinen ilişki, bozukluğun yineleyici doğası ve
bazı olgularda karşılaşılan direnç sorunu tiroid hormonlarının depresyon tedavisinde ve izleminde göz
önünde bulundurulması gereğini doğurmuştur. Birbiriyle çelişkili veriler olmakla birlikte en tutarlı veri serumda
ve beyin omurilik sıvısında T4 düzeylerinin artmasıdır. Bunun yanı sıra depresyon hastalarının %10-15’
inde subklinik hipotiroidi olduğu, bu tablonun da depresyona olan yatkınlığı ve tedaviye olan yanıtı etkilediği
bildirilmektedir. Deiodinaz enzim aktivitesinin ve transthyretin düzeylerinin depresyon hastalarında
değişiklik göstermesinin yanı sıra monoamin sistemi ve reseptörleri ile olan ilişkisi ve antidepresan tedavilerle
düzeylerinde gözlenen normalleşme, periferik tiroid işlevinin normal olmasına karşın, merkezi sinir sistemi
hipotiroidizmini düşündürmüştür. Özellikle trisiklik antidepresanlar ve tiroid hormon kombinasyonunun
dirençli depresyon hastalarında tedaviye olan yanıt oranlarını ve iyileşmeyi hızlandırdığı saptanmıştır.
Az sayıda çalışma olmakla birlikte benzer sonuçlar seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri ile de elde edilmiştir.
Tiroid hormon güçlendirmesi tedavisine kadın hastalarda daha iyi yanıt alınması çarpıcı olmakla birlikte
bu veri bozulmuş tiroid işlevinin kadınlarda daha fazla görülmesine bağlanmaktadır. Nedeni tam olarak
bilinmemekle birlikte güçlendirme tedavisinde T3’ ün, T4’ e göre daha etkin olduğu bildirilmektedir. Karar
birliği olmamakla birlikte antidepresan tedavi süresince tiroid hormon güçlendirme tedavisinin de sürdürülmesi
önerilmektedir.
The Relationship Between Depression and Thyroid Function
The recurrent nature of the disorder and the matter of resistance in some cases leads to the search of alternative treatment procedures. Since,
the well known relationship between depression and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone augmentation
gets some importance during the course of the illness and treatment as well. Despite some contradictory findings, the most consistent biochemical
finding is the elevation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T4 concentrations. Detected rate of 10-15 % of subclinic hypothyroidism
among depressed patients, leads to the speculation of poor treatment outcome and the tendency to depression. Alterations of deiodinase
enzyme activity and alterations in the levels of CSF transthyretine (TTR) in depressed patients are important findings in the pathophysiology
of depression. The relationship between TTR and deiodinase enzymes with the monoamines and their receptor systems leads to the concept
of central nervous system hypothyroidism despite in euthyroid state. Thyroid hormone augmentation with antidepressants, with tricyclic antidepressants
in particular, shows marked improvement in treatment response and treatment accelaration particularly in treatment resistant depressed
patients. Despite the scarce number of studies done with selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors, similiar results were observed. One
striking clinical finding is that the women are more likely than men to benefit from the thyroid hormone enhancement. This might be due to the
greater prevelance of both clinical and subclinical thyroid hormone dysfunction in women than men. Though, not well established, it is emphasized
in most studies that T3 augmentation is more favorable than T4 augmentation. The optimal length of time to continue thyroid hormone
augmentation is debatable though, it is recommended to continue augmentation treatment until stable remission is achieved.

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