Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2008; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2008;19(1):94-100
Yeni Bir Tanı Kategorisi Önerisi: Travma Sonrası Hayata Küsme Bozukluğu
A Hasanoğlu
Basel Ü Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD., Basel
Olumsuz yaşam deneyimlerine karşı gösterilen ruhsal tepkiler çok uzun süreden beri araştırmacıların en çok ilgilendiği
konular arasındadır. Son yıllarda özellikle Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) bir çok çalışmaya konu
olmuştur. Bu bozukluk, hemen herkes için travmatik kabul edilen bir yaşam deneyimine, alışılmışın dışında bir yaşamsal
tehdide ya da felakete karşı gösterilen bir tepki olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaşamı doğrudan tehdit etmeyen
olaylara karşı gösterilen ruhsal tepkiler ise uyum bozukluğu tanısı altında sınıflandırılmaktadır, ama günlük uygulamada
yeteri kadar yer almadığı görülmektedir. Bu tür yaşamsal tehdit içermeyen olaylarla yüzleşme sonucunda
uyum bozukluğunun yanı sıra, TSSB’nun da gelişebileceği söylenmektedir.
Göçmenler sıklıkla, bedensel belirtilerin ön planda olduğu, sosyal geri çekilme ve enerji kaybının eşlik ettiği bir
tablo gösterirler. Yaşamsal bir tehdit içermeyen ve hergün görülmeyen olumsuz yaşam deneyimleri bu tablonun
ağırlaşmasına ve göçmenin işgücünün azalmasına neden olacak kadar ruh sağlığını bozabilir. Hayata küsme ve
haksızlığa uğramış olma duygusu, yaşanmış olumsuz yaşam deneyiminin elde olmadan sık sık anımsanması (iş
yerinde haksızlığa uğrama, işten çıkarılma, bir devlet dairesinde aşağılanma vs.), olay yerine gitmekten kaçınma
gibi belirtilerle kendini gösteren bu tablo travma sonrası hayata küsme bozukluğu (HKB) olarak adlandırılabilir.
İlk olarak Berlin Duvarı’nın yıkılmasından sonra Doğu Almanya’dan gelen göçmenlerde tanımlanmış olan, uyum
bozuklukları ve TSSB tanı ölçütleriyle tam olarak örtüşmeyen bu tablo bir olguda değerlendirilmiş ve ayırıcı tanısı
tartışılmıştır.
“Hayata küsme“ terimi Almanca Verbitterung ve onun İngilizce karşılığı olan embitterment sözcüklerinin yerine
önerilmiştir.
Anahtar Sözcükler:
Suggestion of a New Diagnostic Category: Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder
Psychological reac􀆟 ons to nega􀆟 ve life events have been among the most interes􀆟 ng subjects to researchers for
a long 􀆟 me. In recent [year]s post trauma􀆟 c stress disorder (PTSD), in par􀆟 cular, has been the focus of numerous
studies. This disorder is defi ned as a reac􀆟 on to an event that is accepted as trauma􀆟 c by almost everyone, to
an extraordinary life-threatening event, or to a disaster. Psychological reac􀆟 on to events, which are not directly
life threatening, is classifi ed as adjustment disorder and is rarely diagnosed in clinical prac􀆟 ce. As a result of
experiencing such non-life threatening events, PTSD is claimed to be an adjustment disorder as well.
Immigrants frequently report a depressive state in which physical symptoms are in the foreground accompanied
by social withdrawal and diminished energy. Negative life events, which are not life threatening and are not
experienced everyday, can impair mental health so that the above state may worsen and an immigrant may have
a reduction in his performance at work. This state, which is accompanied by such symptoms as embitterment,
feelings of injustice, repeated intrusive memories of critical events (injustice at work place, loss of a job,
discrimination in a public office, etc.), phobic symptoms, and avoidance behavior towards the place or persons
related to the event, might best be described by the term, posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED).
This disorder, which was initially described in immigrants from East Germany following the fall of the Berlin Wall,
and which does not exactly match the diagnostic criteria of adjustment disorder or PTSD, is presented in a case
vignette and its differential diagnosis is discussed.

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