Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2006; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2006;7(3):140-149
Kannabinoidler: Ödüllendirici ve Bağımlılık Yapıcı Etkilerinin Nörobiyolojisi ve Nöropsikofarmakolojisi Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme
T Alıcı, İT Uzbay
Muğla Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fak. Psikoloji Bölümü
Kannabinoidler ağrıyı gidermek ve bulantıkusmayı
önlemek gibi terapötik yararı olan etkilerin
yanı sıra bağımlılığa yol açmak gibi olumsuz
etkilere de sahiptir. Esrar, günümüzde en yaygın
kötüye kullanılan yasadışı madde olmakla birlikte,
bu bitkinin temel psikoaktif maddesi olan Δ9‑Tetrahidrokannabinolün
ödüllendirici etkisi ve
bununla doğrudan ilişkili olan bağımlılık oluşturucu
etkisinin araştırılmasında deneysel modellerin
kullanımı daha yakın tarihlere dayanmaktadır. Özgül
kanabinoid reseptörlerinin ve bu reseptörlere
bağlanan endojen ligandların keşfinden sonra
ve seçici kannabinoid CB1 reseptör antagonisti
SR141716A ve transgenik modellerin sağladığı
olanaklarla son yirmi yılda kanabinoidlerin ödüllendirici
ve bağımlılık yapıcı etkilerinin altında yatan
nöronal etki düzenekleri konusunda hızlı bir
ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Bu derleme makalede,
ilaç diskriminasyon yöntemi, koşullu yer tercihi,
kendine-uygulama ve antagonistle presipite edilmiş
yoksunluk sendromu gibi hayvan modelleri
kullanılarak kannabinoidlerin ödüllendirici ve bağımlılık
yapıcı etkileri ve bu etkilerin altında yatan
nöronal etki düzenekleri konusunda yapılan çalışmaların
olabildiğince kapsamlı bir taraması ve
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Cannabinoids: A Review on Neurobiological and Neuropsychopharmacological Bases of Dependence and Rewarding Effects
Cannabinoids have been associated with a
wide range of pharmacological effects, some of
which have potential therapeutic benefit while
others result in negative outcomes, such as abuse
and dependence. Cannabis is the most commonly
used illicit substance in the world, but only
recently reliable preclinical models have become
available for investigating the rewarding and
addictive properties of its primary psychoactive
constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‑THC).
Starting with the discovery of an endogenous
brain cannabinoid system with specific receptors
and their endogenous ligands, and through the
use of the tools such as specific CB1 receptor antagonist,
SR141716A, and various transgenic models,
considerable advances have been made in
understanding the mechanisms underlying cannabinoid
dependence. The objective of this review
is to evaluate the results of various animal
models, such as drug-discrimination, conditioned
place preference, self-administration, and precipitated
withdrawal, currently in use to facilitate
our understanding of the rewarding and addictive
properties of cannabinoids, and of the neurobiological
mechanisms that may underlie these
properties.

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