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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2006;16(4):263-273
İlaca bağlı geç başlangıçlı hareket bozuklukları
O Öztürk, E Kurt, T Oral
Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
İlaçlara bağlı olarak gelişen geç başlangıçlı hareket bozuklukları (tardiv sendromlar) hala önemli bir klinik problemdir. Geç sendromların fenomenolojik ve farmakolojik olarak farklı tipleri mevcuttur. Geç diskinezi terimi çoğunlukla oral, bukkal ve lingual bölgelerde gözlenen hızlı, tekrarlayıcı ve stereotipik hareketlerin bulunduğu geç sendromdan bahsetmek için kullanılmıştır. Diğer geç sendromlar geç distoni, akatizi, tikler, miyoklonus, tremor, kore ve ballismusu kapsar. Geç (tardiv) parkinsonizmin ise gerçekten olup olmadığı belirsizdir. Hareket bozukluklarına pek çok ilaç yol açabilir. En fazla neden olan ilaçlar antipsikotikler, antiemetikler, kalsiyum kanal blokerleri, santral sinir sistemi stimulanları, antidepresanlar, antikonvulzanlar, antiparkinsonien ilaçlar, sempatomimetikler ve lityumdur. Bazı hastalarda tek ilacın iki ya da daha fazla hareket bozukluğuna yol açması olasıdır. Bu yazıda ilaca bağlı geç hareket bozukluklarının klinik özellikleri, epidemiyolojisi, risk faktörleri ve tedavi yaklaşımlarından bahsedilmiştir.
Delayed-onset drug-induced movement disorders
Delayed-onset drug-induced movement disorders (tardivesyndromes) remain an important clinical problem. There are severalphenomenologically and pharmacologically distinct types of tardivesyndromes. The term tardive dyskinesia has been used to refer to thetardive syndromes that presents with rapid, repetitive, stereotypicmovements mostly involving the oral, buccal, and lingual areas. Othertardive syndromes include tardive dystonia, akathisia, tics,myoclonus, tremor and chorea-ballismus. It remains unclear whethertardive parkinsonism truly exists. Movement disorders can beinduced by many drugs. The drugs that are most frequentlyimplicated in movement disorders are antipsychotics, antiemetics,calcium channel blockers, central nervous system stimulants,antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian drugs,sympathomimetics and lithium. It is possible for a single drug toinduce two or more types of movement disorders in the same patient.In this article, the clinical features, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment approaches to tardive drug-induced movement disorders are discussed.

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