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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2006;16(4):213-222
Olanzapinin şizofreni hastalarında bilişsel işlevlere olan etkisi
İÇ İnanlı, İ Eren
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AnabilimDalı, Isparta-Turkey
Amaç: Şizofreni önemli yeti yitimine neden olan, kronik seyirli bir bozukluktur. Şizofreni hastalarında bilişsel işlevlerde bozulma en önemli belirtilerinden biridir ve yeti yitimine en fazla neden olan belirti kümesidir. Şizofreni tedavisinde bilişsel işlevlere yönelik tedavi stratejileri günümüzde büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Atipik antipsikotik ilaçların bilişsel işlevler üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı atipik bir antipsikotik ilaç olan olanzapinin şizofreni hastalarında bilişsel işlevler üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-65 yaşları arasında, DSM-IV tanı kriterlerine göre şizofreni tanısı alan 26 hasta ile kontrol grubu olarak 19 gönüllü sağlıklı birey alındı. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların klinik durumlarını değerlendirmek üzere Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KPDÖ), Pozitif ve Negatif Belirti Ölçeği (PNBÖ), Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği (CŞDÖ), Klinik Global İzlenim Ölçeği (KGİ) ve Ekstrapramidal Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (EBDÖ), nöropsikolojik değerlendirme için Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WKET), İz Sürme testi A ve B ve Sayı Dizisi Öğrenme Testi (SDÖT) uygulandı. Nöropsikolojik değerlendirme için SDÖT, WKET ve iz sürme testi A ve B testleri kontrol grubuna da uygulandı. Daha sonra hastalara 5 veya 10 mg/gün dozunda olanzapin tedavisi başlandı, klinik duruma göre gerekli olduğunda doz 30 mg’a kadar arttırıldı. Sekiz haftalık olanzapin tedavisinden sonra klinik ve bilişsel durum testleri tekrar uygulandı.

Bulgular: Şizofreni hastalarında olanzapin tedavisi öncesi ve sonrası yapılan bilişsel işlev değerlendirme sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında WKET tamamlanmış kategori sayısı, iz sürme testi A formu ve B formu ve SDÖT puanlarında anlamlı artış saptandı. Şizofreni grubunun klinik değerlendirme ölçek puanları ile bilişsel işlevlerin ilişkisi değerlendirildiğinde PNBÖ negatif puanı ile iz sürme B puanı, PNBÖ genel puanı ile iz sürme A ve B puanları, PNBÖ toplam puanları ile iz sürme A ve B puanları, KGİ şiddet puanları ile iz sürme B puanı ve KPDÖ puanı ile iz sürme A ve B puanları arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ek olarak hastalarda EBDÖ toplam puanı ile WKET perseveratif olmayan hata sayısı arasında anlamlı negatif ilişki olduğu saptandı.

Sonuç: Çalışmamız atipik bir antipsikotik ilaç olan olanzapinin şizofreni hastalarında bilişsel işlevler üzerinde özellikle yürütücü işlevler, dikkat ve bellek alanlarında olumlu etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
The effect of olanzapine on cognitive functions ofpatients with schizophrenia
Objective: Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder which causes seriousdisability. One of the most predominant symptoms of the disease forpatients with schizophrenia is a cognitive anomaly which is a cluster ofsymptoms that cause disability. Nowadays, treatment strategies oncognitive functions for schizophrenia have received more attention. Atypicalantipsychotic drugs are said to have a positive influence on cognitivefunctions. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the affects ofolanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, on cognitive functions.Methods: Twenty-six patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia accordingto DSM-IV diagnostic criteria within the ages of 18 and 65 and 19 healthypeople as a control group were included in the study. Clinical evaluationof study group patients were conducted by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Depression Scale forSchizophrenia (CDSS), Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) andExtrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), furthermore Wisconsin CardSorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test A and B; and Serial Digit LearningTest (SDLT) applied for neurophychologic assesment. The control groupwere also evaluated by the same neuropsychological tests. Then 5 or 10mg/day olanzapine treatment have been started to the patients and thedose was increased up to 30 mg based on the clinical conditions. Theclinical and cognitive status tests were repeated again after 8 weeks ofolanzapine treatment Results: When the cognitive functions assessment results were comparedbefore and after treatment with olanzapine, we found a significantincrease in WCST trials to complete category, trail making test A and B,serial digit learning test.There were significant pozitive correlationsbetween scores of PANSS negative and trail making test A, scores ofPANSS general and scores of trail making test A and B, scores of PANSStotal and trail making test A and B, score of CGI-severity and score of trailmaking test B and scores of BPRS and trail making test A and B in patientswith schizophrenia. In addition, there were significant negativecorrelations between total scores of EBDO and non-perservative errorscores of WCST in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusions: Our study suggested that olanzapine, as an atypicalantipsychotic drug, had a significant impact on cognitive functions ofpatients with schizophrenia, -especially on executive functions, attentionand memory

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